Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758)
(Large White Butterfly)

Interactions where Pieris brassicae is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season
caterpillar caterpillar grazes on live leaf Brassica cabbages, mustards, turnips and rape Brassicales: Brassicaceae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Pieridae/Pieris brassicae/Pieris brassicaelarge white butterflycaterpillar Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Brassicales/Brassicaceae/Brassica/Brassicacabbages, mustards, turnips and rapeliveleaf
caterpillar caterpillar grazes on live leaf Tropaeolum majus Nasturtium Brassicales: Tropaeolaceae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Pieridae/Pieris brassicae/Pieris brassicaelarge white butterflycaterpillar Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Brassicales/Tropaeolaceae/Tropaeolum majus/Tropaeolum majusnasturtiumliveleaf

Interactions where Pieris brassicae is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
larva is endoparasitoid host of larva Compsilura concinnata a parasitoid fly Diptera: Tachinidae Tachinid Flies (Diptera: Tachinidae), Belshaw, R., 1993
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tachinidae/Compsilura concinnata/Compsilura concinnataa parasitoid flylarva Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoid /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Pieridae/Pieris brassicae/Pieris brassicaelarge white butterflylarva larva is endoparasitoid of larva
larva is endoparasitoid host of larva Questionable Nilea hortulana a parasitoid fly Diptera: Tachinidae Tachinid Flies (Diptera: Tachinidae), Belshaw, R., 1993
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tachinidae/Nilea hortulana/Nilea hortulanaa parasitoid flylarva Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoid /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Pieridae/Pieris brassicae/Pieris brassicaelarge white butterfly?larva larva is endoparasitoid of larva
larva is endoparasitoid host of usually gregarious larva Phryxe vulgaris a parasitoid fly Diptera: Tachinidae Tachinid Flies (Diptera: Tachinidae), Belshaw, R., 1993
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tachinidae/Phryxe vulgaris/Phryxe vulgarisa parasitoid flyusually gregariouslarva Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoid /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Pieridae/Pieris brassicae/Pieris brassicaelarge white butterflylarva usually gregarious larva is endoparasitoid of larva
larva is endoparasitoid host of larva Exorista grandis a parasitoid fly Diptera: Tachinidae Tachinid Flies (Diptera: Tachinidae), Belshaw, R., 1993
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tachinidae/Exorista grandis/Exorista grandisa parasitoid flylarva Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoid /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Pieridae/Pieris brassicae/Pieris brassicaelarge white butterflylarva larva is endoparasitoid of larva
larva is endoparasitoid host of larva Questionable Siphona geniculata a parasitoid fly Diptera: Tachinidae Tachinid Flies (Diptera: Tachinidae), Belshaw, R., 1993
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tachinidae/Siphona geniculata/Siphona geniculataa parasitoid flylarva Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoid /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Pieridae/Pieris brassicae/Pieris brassicaelarge white butterfly?larva larva is endoparasitoid of larva
egg is endoparasitoid host of solitary larva Trichogramma brassicae a chalcid wasp Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae Chemical communication: butterfly anti-aphrodisiac lures parasitic wasps, Fatouros, N.E., Huigens, M.E., van Loon, J.J.A., Dicke, M. & Hilker, M., 2005
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Trichogrammatidae/Trichogramma brassicae/Trichogramma brassicaea chalcid waspsolitarylarva Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoid /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Pieridae/Pieris brassicae/Pieris brassicaelarge white butterflyegg solitary larva is endoparasitoid of egg
larva (young) is endoparasitoid host of larva Restricted Cotesia glomerata a death wasp Hymenoptera: Braconidae Life-history traits in closely related secondary parasitoids sharing the same primary parasitoid host: evolutionary opportunities and constraints, Harvey, J.A., Wagenaar, R. & Bezemer, T.M., 2009
Molecular phylogeny of Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) parasitoids associated with Melitaeini butterflies (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Melitaeini), Kankare, M. & Shaw, M.R., 2003
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Braconidae/Cotesia glomerata/Cotesia glomerataa death wasplarva Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoid /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Pieridae/Pieris brassicae/Pieris brassicaelarge white butterflylarva (young)Sole larva is endoparasitoid of larva (young)
egg is predated by Himacerus mirmicoides Ant Damsel Bug Hemiptera: Nabidae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Nabidae/Himacerus (Aptus) mirmicoides/Himacerus (Aptus) mirmicoidesant damsel bug Animal / predator /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Pieridae/Pieris brassicae/Pieris brassicaelarge white butterflyegg is predator of egg
gravid gravid of female may give a ride to female Trichogramma brassicae a chalcid wasp Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae Chemical communication: butterfly anti-aphrodisiac lures parasitic wasps, Fatouros, N.E., Huigens, M.E., van Loon, J.J.A., Dicke, M. & Hilker, M., 2005
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Trichogrammatidae/Trichogramma brassicae/Trichogramma brassicaea chalcid waspfemale Animal / phoresy /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Pieridae/Pieris brassicae/Pieris brassicaelarge white butterflygravidfemale female hitches a ride on gravid of female

Author & YearTitleSource
Belshaw, R., 1993Tachinid Flies (Diptera: Tachinidae)Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 10, Part 4a(i), 169pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden PlantsCollins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Fatouros, N.E., Huigens, M.E., van Loon, J.J.A., Dicke, M. & Hilker, M., 2005Chemical communication: butterfly anti-aphrodisiac lures parasitic waspsNature 433: 704.
Harvey, J.A., Wagenaar, R. & Bezemer, T.M., 2009Life-history traits in closely related secondary parasitoids sharing the same primary parasitoid host: evolutionary opportunities and constraintsEntomologia Experimentalis et Applicata Vol 132: 155-164.
Kankare, M. & Shaw, M.R., 2003Molecular phylogeny of Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) parasitoids associated with Melitaeini butterflies (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Melitaeini)Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.
Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959Land and Water Bugs of the British IslesWayside & Woodland Series, 1959 edition, 436pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.

Pieris brassicae (Large White Butterfly) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Pieris brassicae (Large White Butterfly) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesPieris brassicae (Large White Butterfly)
GenusPieris (Zoo.) (whites)
TribePierini (white butterflies)
SubfamilyPIERINAE (orange-tip and white butterflies)
FamilyPIERIDAE (white butterflies, brimstones, and orange-tips)
SuperfamilyPAPILIONOIDEA (butterflies)
SuborderGLOSSATA (a suborder of moths)
OrderLEPIDOPTERA (butterflies and moths)
Division Endopterygota (bees, beetles, flies, moths and other insects with wings developing internally)
InfraclassNeoptera (bees, beetles, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other advanced insects)
SubclassPTERYGOTA (bees, beetles, dragonflies, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other winged insects)
ClassINSECTA (true insects)
SubphylumHEXAPODA (insects and other 6-legged organisms)
PhylumARTHROPODA (arthropods)
SuperphylumECDYSOZOA (skin shedders)
CladeBilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
SubkingdomEUMETAZOA (metazoans)
KingdomANIMALIA (animals)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Pieris brassicae (Large White Butterfly)

Pieris brassicae (Large White Butterfly) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource
Brodman, J., Twele, R., Francke, W., Hölzler, G., Zhang, Q-H. & Ayasse, M. 2008 Orchids mimic green-leaf volatiles to attract prey-hunting wasps for pollination Current Biology Vol 18, Issue 10: 740-744.
Fatouros, N.E. et al 2005 Oviposition-induced plant cues: do they arrest Trichogramma wasps during host location? Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata Vol. 115, No. 1: 207-215.
Fatouros, N.E., Huigens, M.E., van Loon, J.J.A., Dicke, M. & Hilker, M. 2005 Chemical communication: butterfly anti-aphrodisiac lures parasitic wasps Nature 433: 704.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Pieris brassicae (Large White Butterfly):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 75 images of Pieris brassicae (Large White Butterfly)
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