HYMENOPTERA
(ants, bees and wasps, sawflies and parasitoid wasps)

Interactions where HYMENOPTERA is the controlling partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'References').

Stage Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season
feeds on spore mass of fruitbody UK/Ireland Phallus hadriani Sand Stinkhorn, Dune Stinkhorn Phallales: Phallaceae Bees and Phalloid Exudate, Shaw, D.E. & Roberts, P., 2002
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Hymenopteraants, bees and wasps, sawflies and parasitoid wasps Fungus / feederUK and/or Eire /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Phallales/Phallaceae/Phallus hadriani/Phallus hadrianisand stinkhorn, dune stinkhornspore massfruitbody
adult adult pollinates or fertilises flower Coeloglossum viride Frog Orchid Asparagales: Orchidaceae Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide, Harrap, A. & S., 2009
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Hymenopteraants, bees and wasps, sawflies and parasitoid waspsadult Plant / pollinated /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asparagales/Orchidaceae/Coeloglossum viride/Coeloglossum viridefrog orchidflower

Interactions where HYMENOPTERA is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
is parasitoid host of solitary (usually) stroma Ophiocordyceps sphecocephala an ascomycete Hypocreales: Ophiocordycipitaceae British Ascomycetes, Dennis, R.W.G., 1978
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Ophiocordycipitaceae/Ophiocordyceps sphecocephala/Ophiocordyceps sphecocephalaan ascomycetesolitary (usually)stroma Animal / parasitoid /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Hymenopteraants, bees and wasps, sawflies and parasitoid wasps solitary (usually) stroma is parasitoid of
adult is predated by leaf Major Pinguicula vulgaris Common Butterwort Lamiales: Lentibulariaceae Insectivorous Plants, Darwin, C., 1875
 /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Lentibulariaceae/Pinguicula vulgaris/Pinguicula vulgariscommon butterwortleaf Animal / predator /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Hymenopteraants, bees and wasps, sawflies and parasitoid waspsadultMajor leaf is predator of adult

HYMENOPTERA (ants, bees and wasps, sawflies and parasitoid wasps) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

HYMENOPTERA (ants, bees and wasps, sawflies and parasitoid wasps) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Author & YearTitleSource
Darwin, C., 1875Insectivorous Plants463pp
Dennis, R.W.G., 1978British AscomycetesRevised and enlarged edition, 585pp, J. Cramer
Harrap, A. & S., 2009Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide2nd edition, 480pp, A&C Black Publishers Ltd
Shaw, D.E. & Roberts, P., 2002Bees and Phalloid ExudateMycologist Vol 16 (3): 109.
Subtaxon Rank Featured
subtaxa		 No of
interactions		 No of
references
APOCRITA
bees, wasps, ants and parasitoids
Suborder 1,067 subtaxa 2,122 trophisms 942 references
SYMPHYTA
sawflies
Suborder 471 subtaxa 1,081 trophisms 118 references
Taxonomic hierarchy:
OrderHYMENOPTERA (ants, bees and wasps, sawflies and parasitoid wasps)
Division Endopterygota (bees, beetles, flies, moths and other insects with wings developing internally)
InfraclassNeoptera (bees, beetles, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other advanced insects)
SubclassPTERYGOTA (bees, beetles, dragonflies, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other winged insects)
ClassINSECTA (true insects)
SubphylumHEXAPODA (insects and other 6-legged organisms)
PhylumARTHROPODA (arthropods)
SuperphylumECDYSOZOA (skin shedders)
CladeBilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
SubkingdomEUMETAZOA (metazoans)
KingdomANIMALIA (animals)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for HYMENOPTERA (ants, bees and wasps, sawflies and parasitoid wasps)

Identification Works

AuthorYearTitleSource
Anon. Atlas Hymenoptera zoologie.umh.ac.be/hymenoptera/galerie/ExploreDB.aspx
Sauer, F. 1985 Bienen, Wespen und Verwandte Sauers Natuführer, 113pp, Fauna-Verlag
Williams, R. British Hymenoptera, Glossary for use with identification keys Vanellus Publications
Zahradík, J. & Severa, F. (illust.) 1991 A Field Guide in Colour to Bees and wasps English edition edition, 192pp, Blitz

  • Dung

    • Skidmore, P. 1991 Insects of the British Cow-Dung Community AIDGAP Keys: Occasional Publication, No 21, 166pp, Field Studies Council

  • Family Keys

    • Gauld, I. & Bolton, B. (eds) 1988 The Hymenoptera 332pp, British Museum (Natural History)
    Goulet, H & Huber, J.T., eds 1993 Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families 668pp, Canadian Department of Agriculture
    Richards, O.W. 1977 Hymenoptera: Introduction and Keys to Families (ed 2) Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol VI. Part 1, 2nd edition edition, 100pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
    Richards, O.W. 1956 Hymenoptera: Introduction and Keys to Families (ed 1) Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol VI. Part 1, 1st edition edition, 94pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London

  • On Docks

    • Salt, D.T. & Whittaker, J.B. 1998 Insects on dock plants 56pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd

  • Plant Galls

    • () Redfern, M. & Shirley, P. 2002 British Plant Galls - Identification of galls on plants and fungi AIDGAP Keys, 325pp, Field Studies Council
    () Redfern, M. & Shirley, P. 2011 British Plant Galls AIDGAP Keys, Second edition, 432pp, Field Studies Council
    in the hand () Stubbs, F.B. (Editor) 1986 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls 95pp, British Plant Gall Society (BPGS)

    HYMENOPTERA (ants, bees and wasps, sawflies and parasitoid wasps) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

    General Literature

    Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to HYMENOPTERA (ants, bees and wasps, sawflies and parasitoid wasps):

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