Platanthera bifolia (L.) Rich.
(Lesser Butterfly-orchid)

Interactions where Platanthera bifolia is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
flower flower is pollinated or fertilised by adult SPHINGIDAE hawk or sphinx moths, hawk-moth Lepidoptera Is spur length of Platanthera species in the British Isles adaptively optimized or an evolutionary red herring?, Bateman, R.M. & Sexton, R., 2008
Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide, Harrap, A. & S., 2009
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Sphingidae/Sphingidaehawk or sphinx moths, hawk-mothadult Plant / pollinated /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asparagales/Orchidaceae/Platanthera bifolia/Platanthera bifolialesser butterfly-orchidflower adult pollinates or fertilises flower
flower flower is pollinated or fertilised by adult Major Deilephila elpenor Elephant Hawk-moth Lepidoptera: Sphingidae Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide, Harrap, A. & S., 2009
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Sphingidae/Deilephila elpenor/Deilephila elpenorelephant hawk-mothadult Plant / pollinated /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asparagales/Orchidaceae/Platanthera bifolia/Platanthera bifolialesser butterfly-orchidflowerMajor adult pollinates or fertilises flower
flower flower is pollinated or fertilised by adult Major Deilephila porcellus Small Elephant Hawk-moth Lepidoptera: Sphingidae Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide, Harrap, A. & S., 2009
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Sphingidae/Deilephila porcellus/Deilephila porcellussmall elephant hawk-mothadult Plant / pollinated /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asparagales/Orchidaceae/Platanthera bifolia/Platanthera bifolialesser butterfly-orchidflowerMajor adult pollinates or fertilises flower
flower flower is pollinated or fertilised by adult Major Sphinx pinastri Pine Hawk-moth Lepidoptera: Sphingidae Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide, Harrap, A. & S., 2009
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Sphingidae/Sphinx pinastri/Sphinx pinastripine hawk-mothadult Plant / pollinated /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asparagales/Orchidaceae/Platanthera bifolia/Platanthera bifolialesser butterfly-orchidflowerMajor adult pollinates or fertilises flower
flower flower is pollinated or fertilised by adult PAPILIONOIDEA butterflies Lepidoptera Orchids of Northern Europe, Nilsson, S., 1979
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Papilionoidea/Papilionoideabutterfliesadult Plant / pollinated /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asparagales/Orchidaceae/Platanthera bifolia/Platanthera bifolialesser butterfly-orchidflower adult pollinates or fertilises flower
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous, often circinate cluster cup of aecium Foreign Puccinia sessilis Lily-of-the-valley, Ramsons and Arum Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae New records of Erysiphales and Uredinales from Poland, Wolczanska, A., 2008
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia sessilis/Puccinia sessilislily-of-the-valley, ramsons and arum rusthypophyllous, often circinatecluster cupaecium Foodplant / parasiteForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asparagales/Orchidaceae/Platanthera bifolia/Platanthera bifolialesser butterfly-orchidliveleaf hypophyllous, often circinate cluster cup of aecium parasitises live leaf

Author & YearTitleSource
Bateman, R.M. & Sexton, R., 2008Is spur length of Platanthera species in the British Isles adaptively optimized or an evolutionary red herring?Watsonia Vol 27, part 1: 1-21.
Harrap, A. & S., 2009Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide2nd edition, 480pp, A&C Black Publishers Ltd
Nilsson, S., 1979Orchids of Northern EuropePenguin Nature Guides, 146pp, Penguin Books
Wolczanska, A., 2008New records of Erysiphales and Uredinales from PolandActa Mycologica Vol 43 (1): 71-75 + 2 colour plates.

Platanthera bifolia (Lesser Butterfly-orchid) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesPlatanthera bifolia (Lesser Butterfly-orchid)
GenusPlatanthera (butterfly orchids)
FamilyORCHIDACEAE (orchids)
OrderASPARAGALES (orchids, daffodils, onions & irises)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Platanthera bifolia (Lesser Butterfly-orchid)

Identification Works

Handling & MagnificationAuthorYearTitleSource
Bateman, R.M. & Sexton, R. 2008 Is spur length of Platanthera species in the British Isles adaptively optimized or an evolutionary red herring? Watsonia Vol 27, part 1: 1-21.
Strachan, I. 2007 Lesser Butterfly Orchids Vol 18, No 6 Page: 443

Platanthera bifolia (Lesser Butterfly-orchid) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Platanthera bifolia (Lesser Butterfly-orchid):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 6 images of Platanthera bifolia (Lesser Butterfly-orchid)
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