Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull
(Heather)

Interactions where Calluna vulgaris is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season
seed seed is spread by worker UK/Ireland Tetramorium caespitum Turf Ant Hymenoptera: Formicidae The Hymenopterist’s Handbook, Betts, C. (ed.), 1986
 /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherseed Animal / vectorUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Formicidae/Tetramorium caespitum/Tetramorium caespitumturf antworker

Interactions where Calluna vulgaris is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
is associate of Amara infima a ground beetle Coleoptera: Carabidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Carabidae/Amara infima/Amara infimaa ground beetle Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheather is associated with
is associate of Dicheirotrichus cognatus a ground beetle Coleoptera: Carabidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Carabidae/Dicheirotrichus cognatus/Dicheirotrichus cognatusa ground beetle Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheather is associated with
is associate of Bradycellus caucasicus a ground beetle Coleoptera: Carabidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Carabidae/Bradycellus caucasicus/Bradycellus caucasicusa ground beetle Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheather is associated with
is associate of Coccinella hieroglyphica Hieroglyphic Ladybird Coleoptera: Coccinellidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Coccinellidae/Coccinella hieroglyphica/Coccinella hieroglyphicahieroglyphic ladybird Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheather is associated with
is associate of Micrelus ericae Small Heather Weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Micrelus ericae/Micrelus ericaesmall heather weevil Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheather is associated with
is associate of Strophosoma capitatum a weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae), Morris, M.G., 1997
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Strophosoma capitatum/Strophosoma capitatuma weevil Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheather is associated with
is associate of Strophosoma fulvicorne a weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae), Morris, M.G., 1997
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Strophosoma fulvicorne/Strophosoma fulvicornea weevil Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheather is associated with
is associate of Strophosoma nebulosum a weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae), Morris, M.G., 1997
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Strophosoma nebulosum/Strophosoma nebulosuma weevil Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheather is associated with
is associate of Strophosoma sus Heather Weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae), Morris, M.G., 1997
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Strophosoma sus/Strophosoma susheather weevil Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheather is associated with
is associate of Caenopsis fissirostris a weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae), Morris, M.G., 1997
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Caenopsis fissirostris/Caenopsis fissirostrisa weevil Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheather is associated with
is associate of Caenopsis waltoni a weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae), Morris, M.G., 1997
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Caenopsis waltoni/Caenopsis waltonia weevil Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheather is associated with
seed is foodplant of UK/Ireland Tetramorium caespitum Turf Ant Hymenoptera: Formicidae The Hymenopterist’s Handbook, Betts, C. (ed.), 1986
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Formicidae/Tetramorium caespitum/Tetramorium caespitumturf ant Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherseed feeds on seed
is associate of Orius niger a flower bug Hemiptera: Anthocoridae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Anthocoridae/Orius (Orius) niger/Orius (Orius) nigera flower bug Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheather is associated with
is foodplant of UK/Ireland Globiceps juniperi a plantbug or grassbug Hemiptera: Miridae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Miridae/Globiceps (Kelidocoris) juniperi/Globiceps (Kelidocoris) juniperia plantbug or grassbug Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheather feeds on
has sap sucked by adult Questionable Kleidocerys ericae a ground bug Hemiptera: Lygaeidae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Lygaeidae/Kleidocerys ericae/Kleidocerys ericaea ground bugadult Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheather? adult sucks sap of
has sap sucked by nymph Questionable Kleidocerys ericae a ground bug Hemiptera: Lygaeidae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Lygaeidae/Kleidocerys ericae/Kleidocerys ericaea ground bugnymph Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheather? nymph sucks sap of
has sap sucked by adult Nysius helveticus a ground bug Hemiptera: Lygaeidae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Lygaeidae/Nysius helveticus/Nysius helveticusa ground bugadult Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheather adult sucks sap of
has sap sucked by nymph Nysius helveticus a ground bug Hemiptera: Lygaeidae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Lygaeidae/Nysius helveticus/Nysius helveticusa ground bugnymph Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheather nymph sucks sap of
may be infected and damaged by Major Phytophthora alni Sudden Oak Death - causative organism, SOD, Phytophthora Disease Of Alder Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae Phytophthora ramorum and P. kernoviae in Scotland, MacKinlay, L. & McIntosh, J., 2010
 /Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Phytophthora alni/Phytophthora alnisudden oak death (causative organism), SOD, phytophthora disease of alder Foodplant / pathogen /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherMajor infects and damages
may be infected and damaged by Minor Phytophthora kernoviae a blight Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae Phytophthora ramorum and P. kernoviae in Scotland, MacKinlay, L. & McIntosh, J., 2010
 /Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Phytophthora kernoviae/Phytophthora kernoviaea blight Foodplant / pathogen /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherMinor infects and damages
is associate of fruitbody Cystodermella granulosa a powdercap Agaricales: Agaricaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Agaricaceae/Cystodermella granulosa/Cystodermella granulosaa powdercapfruitbody Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheather fruitbody is associated with
is associate of fruitbody UK/Ireland Amanita fulva Tawny Grisette Agaricales: Amanitaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Amanitaceae/Amanita fulva/Amanita fulvatawny grisettefruitbody Plant / associateUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheather fruitbody is associated with
is associate of fruitbody UK/IrelandMinor Amanita porphyria Grey Veiled Amanita Agaricales: Amanitaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Amanitaceae/Amanita porphyria/Amanita porphyriagrey veiled amanitafruitbody Plant / associateUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherMinor fruitbody is associated with
debris is decayed by fruitbody Galerina cinctula a toadstool Agaricales: Cortinariaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Cortinariaceae/Galerina cinctula/Galerina cinctulaa toadstoolfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdebris fruitbody is saprobic on debris
is associate of fruitbody Major Mycena megaspora Rooting Bonnet Agaricales: Mycenaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Mycenaceae/Mycena megaspora/Mycena megasporarooting bonnetfruitbody Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherMajor fruitbody is associated with
is associate of fruitbody Gymnopus impudicus a parachute Agaricales: Omphalotaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Omphalotaceae/Gymnopus impudicus/Gymnopus impudicusa parachutefruitbody Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheather fruitbody is associated with
may be infected and damaged by UK/Ireland Armillaria honey fungi Agaricales: Physalacriaceae British Parasitic Fungi, Moore, W.C., 1959
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Physalacriaceae/Armillaria/Armillariahoney fungi Foodplant / pathogenUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheather infects and damages
debris is decayed by fruitbody Psathyrella senex a brittlestem Agaricales: Psathyrellaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Psathyrellaceae/Psathyrella senex/Psathyrella senexa brittlestemfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdebris fruitbody is saprobic on debris
is associate of basidiome Cantharellula umbonata The Humpback Agaricales: Tricholomataceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Tricholomataceae/Cantharellula umbonata/Cantharellula umbonatathe humpbackbasidiome Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheather basidiome is associated with
is associate of fruitbody Tricholoma stans Upright Knight Agaricales: Tricholomataceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Tricholomataceae/Tricholoma stans/Tricholoma stansupright knightfruitbody Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheather fruitbody is associated with
is associate of fruitbody Suillus granulatus Weeping Bolete Boletales: Suillaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Suillaceae/Suillus granulatus/Suillus granulatusweeping boletefruitbody Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheather fruitbody is associated with
is associate of fruitbody Suillus variegatus Velvet Bolete Boletales: Suillaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Suillaceae/Suillus variegatus/Suillus variegatusvelvet boletefruitbody Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheather fruitbody is associated with
is galled by UK/Ireland Cuscuta epithymum Dodder Solanales: Convolvulaceae British Plant Galls - Identification of galls on plants and fungi, Redfern, M. & Shirley, P., 2002
 /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Convolvulaceae/Cuscuta epithymum/Cuscuta epithymumdodder Foodplant / gallUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheather causes gall of
(dead, fallen, decayed) dead, fallen, decayed debris is decayed by fruitbody Minor Entoloma cetratum Honey Pinkgill Agaricales: Entolomataceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Entolomataceae/Entoloma cetratum/Entoloma cetratumhoney pinkgillfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdead, fallen, decayeddebrisMinor (early summer -)fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed debris
(dead) dead is decayed by acervulus of Pestalotiopsis coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Pestalotiopsis sydowiana a coelomycete Xylariales: Amphisphaeriaceae Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Amphisphaeriaceae/Pestalotiopsis sydowiana/Pestalotiopsis sydowianaa coelomyceteacervulusPestalotiopsis coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdead acervulus of Pestalotiopsis coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead
(live) live is associate of fruitbody UK/Ireland Entoloma fernandae a toadstool Agaricales: Entolomataceae New British Records 123: Entoloma argentiostriatum Arnolds & Noordel, Tofts, R., 1995
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Entolomataceae/Entoloma fernandae/Entoloma fernandaea toadstoolfruitbody Plant / associateUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherlive fruitbody is associated with live
(live) live is associate of fruitbody Gliophorus laetus var laetus Heath Waxcap Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Hygrophoraceae/Gliophorus laetus var. laetus/Gliophorus laetus var. laetusheath waxcapfruitbody Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherlive fruitbody is associated with live
bud (young) bud (young) has sap sucked by nymph Systellonotus triguttatus a plantbug or grassbug Hemiptera: Miridae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Miridae/Systellonotus triguttatus/Systellonotus triguttatusa plantbug or grassbugnymph Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherbud (young) nymph sucks sap of bud (young)
bud (young) bud (young) has sap sucked by adult Systellonotus triguttatus a plantbug or grassbug Hemiptera: Miridae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Miridae/Systellonotus triguttatus/Systellonotus triguttatusa plantbug or grassbugadult Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherbud (young) (late 5-mid 8)adult sucks sap of bud (young)
flower flower is foodplant of adult UK/Ireland Orthotylus ericetorum a plantbug or grassbug Hemiptera: Miridae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Miridae/Orthotylus (Litocoris) ericetorum/Orthotylus (Litocoris) ericetoruma plantbug or grassbugadult Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherflower adult feeds on flower
flower (live) live flower is foodplant of adult UK/Ireland Ceratothrips ericae a thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thrips, Kirk, W.D.J., 1996
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Ceratothrips ericae/Ceratothrips ericaea thripsadult Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherliveflower adult feeds on live flower
flower (live) live flower is foodplant of larva UK/Ireland Ceratothrips ericae a thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thrips, Kirk, W.D.J., 1996
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Ceratothrips ericae/Ceratothrips ericaea thripslarva Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherliveflower larva feeds on live flower
fruit (unripe) fruit (unripe) has sap sucked by nymph Systellonotus triguttatus a plantbug or grassbug Hemiptera: Miridae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Miridae/Systellonotus triguttatus/Systellonotus triguttatusa plantbug or grassbugnymph Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherfruit (unripe) nymph sucks sap of fruit (unripe)
fruit (unripe) fruit (unripe) has sap sucked by adult Systellonotus triguttatus a plantbug or grassbug Hemiptera: Miridae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Miridae/Systellonotus triguttatus/Systellonotus triguttatusa plantbug or grassbugadult Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherfruit (unripe) (late 5-mid 8)adult sucks sap of fruit (unripe)
leaf leaf is grazed by larva Altica longicollis a flea beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Altica longicollis/Altica longicollisa flea beetlelarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherleaf larva grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by imago Altica longicollis a flea beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Altica longicollis/Altica longicollisa flea beetleimago Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherleaf imago grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by larva Altica oleracea a flea beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Altica oleracea/Altica oleraceaa flea beetlelarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherleaf larva grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by imago Altica oleracea a flea beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Altica oleracea/Altica oleraceaa flea beetleimago Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherleaf imago grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by larva Restricted Lochmaea suturalis Heather Beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Lochmaea suturalis/Lochmaea suturalisheather beetlelarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherleafSole larva grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by imago Lochmaea suturalis Heather Beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Lochmaea suturalis/Lochmaea suturalisheather beetleimago Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherleaf imago grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is foodplant of adult UK/Ireland Orthotylus ericetorum a plantbug or grassbug Hemiptera: Miridae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Miridae/Orthotylus (Litocoris) ericetorum/Orthotylus (Litocoris) ericetoruma plantbug or grassbugadult Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherleaf adult feeds on leaf
leaf leaf is foodplant of scattered, erumpent pycnidium of Topospora coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Topospora obturata a coelomycete Helotiales: Godroniaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Godroniaceae/Topospora obturata/Topospora obturataa coelomycetescattered, erumpentpycnidiumTopospora coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherleaf scattered, erumpent pycnidium of Topospora coelomycetous anamorph feeds on leaf
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by fruitbody Major Gymnopus androsaceus Horsehair Parachute, Heather Dieback and Snow-blight - causative organism, Horse-hair Fungus Agaricales: Omphalotaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Omphalotaceae/Gymnopus androsaceus/Gymnopus androsaceushorsehair parachute, heather dieback and snow-blight (causative organism), horse-hair fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdeadleafMajor fruitbody is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by conidial anamorph ForeignCaptivity Erysiphe azaleae a powdery mildew Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae Microsphaera azaleae, the perfect state of the Rhododendron mildew in England, Ing, B., 2000
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Erysiphe azaleae/Erysiphe azaleaea powdery mildewconidial anamorph Foodplant / parasiteForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherliveleaf Indoors, in greenhouse, captivity, culture or experimentally inducedconidial anamorph parasitises live leaf
litter (decayed) decayed litter is decayed by fruitbody Rhodocollybia maculata Spotted Toughshank Agaricales: Omphalotaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Omphalotaceae/Rhodocollybia maculata/Rhodocollybia maculataspotted toughshankfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdecayedlitter fruitbody is saprobic on decayed litter
litter (decaying) decaying litter is decayed by fruitbody Gymnopus alpinus Alpine Toughshank Agaricales: Omphalotaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Omphalotaceae/Gymnopus alpinus/Gymnopus alpinusalpine toughshankfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdecayinglitter fruitbody is saprobic on decaying litter
litter (decaying) decaying litter is decayed by fruitbody Minor Gymnopus dryophilus Russet Toughshank, Penny Top Agaricales: Omphalotaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Omphalotaceae/Gymnopus dryophilus/Gymnopus dryophilusrusset toughshank, penny topfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdecayinglitterMinor fruitbody is saprobic on decaying litter
petal (young) petal (young) is foodplant of nymph UK/Ireland Orthotylus ericetorum a plantbug or grassbug Hemiptera: Miridae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Miridae/Orthotylus (Litocoris) ericetorum/Orthotylus (Litocoris) ericetoruma plantbug or grassbugnymph Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherpetal (young) nymph feeds on petal (young)
pollen pollen is collected to provision nest of female UK/IrelandMajor Andrena argentata Small Sandpit Mining Bee Hymenoptera: Andrenidae Forage, prey and host-parasite relationships of aculeates, Macdonald, M.A., 2007
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Andrenidae/Andrena argentata/Andrena argentatasmall sandpit mining beefemale Foodplant / nestUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherpollenMajor female provisions nest with pollen
pollen pollen is collected to provision nest of female UK/IrelandMajor Andrena fuscipes Heather Mining Bee Hymenoptera: Andrenidae Forage, prey and host-parasite relationships of aculeates, Macdonald, M.A., 2007
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Andrenidae/Andrena fuscipes/Andrena fuscipesheather mining beefemale Foodplant / nestUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherpollenMajor female provisions nest with pollen
pollen pollen is collected to provision nest of female UK/IrelandRestricted Colletes succinctus Heather (Girdled) Colletes Hymenoptera: Colletidae Forage, prey and host-parasite relationships of aculeates, Macdonald, M.A., 2007
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Colletidae/Colletes succinctus/Colletes succinctusheather (girdled) colletesfemale Foodplant / nestUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherpollenSole female provisions nest with pollen
root root is associate of imago Ampedus sanguinolentus a click beetle Coleoptera: Elateridae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Elateridae/Ampedus sanguinolentus/Ampedus sanguinolentusa click beetleimago Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherroot imago is associated with root
root root may house nest Temnothorax interruptus Long-spined Ant Hymenoptera: Formicidae Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Bolton, B. & Collingwood, C.A., 1975
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Formicidae/Temnothorax interruptus/Temnothorax interruptuslong-spined antnest Plant / resting place / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherroot nest may be found in root
root root is parasitised by UK/Ireland Melampyrum sylvaticum Small Cow-wheat Lamiales: Orobanchaceae Small Cow-wheat Melampyrum sylvaticum L.: Scrophulariaceae in England, Tennant, D.J., 2008
 /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Orobanchaceae/Melampyrum sylvaticum/Melampyrum sylvaticumsmall cow-wheat Foodplant / hemiparasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherroot is hemiparasitic on root
root (live) live root is mycorrhizal host of fruitbody Clavaria argillacea Moor Club Agaricales: Clavariaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Clavariaceae/Clavaria argillacea/Clavaria argillaceamoor clubfruitbody Foodplant / mycorrhiza /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherliveroot fruitbody is mycorrhizal with live root
root (live) live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody Questionable Inocybe praetervisa a toadstool Agaricales: Inocybaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Inocybaceae/Inocybe praetervisa/Inocybe praetervisaa toadstoolfruitbody Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhizaRelationship uncertain /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherliveroot fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root
root (live) live root may be infected and damaged by fruitbody Rare Gymnopus fusipes Spindle Toughshank, Spindle Shank Agaricales: Omphalotaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Omphalotaceae/Gymnopus fusipes/Gymnopus fusipesspindle toughshank, spindle shankfruitbody Foodplant / pathogen /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherliverootRare fruitbody infects and damages live root
root (live) live root is mycorrhizal host of fruitbody Coltricia perennis Tiger’s Eye Hymenochaetales: Hymenochaetaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Hymenochaetales/Hymenochaetaceae/Coltricia perennis/Coltricia perennistiger's eyefruitbody Foodplant / mycorrhiza /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherliveroot fruitbody is mycorrhizal with live root
root (live) live root is parasitised by bracket Minor Postia ptychogaster Powderpuff Bracket Polyporales: Fomitopsidaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Fomitopsidaceae/Postia ptychogaster/Postia ptychogasterpowderpuff bracketbracket Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherliverootMinor bracket parasitises live root
root (live) live root is parasitised by dominant Ptychogaster anamorph Minor Postia ptychogaster Powderpuff Bracket Polyporales: Fomitopsidaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Fomitopsidaceae/Postia ptychogaster/Postia ptychogasterpowderpuff bracketdominantPtychogaster anamorph Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherliverootMinor dominant Ptychogaster anamorph parasitises live root
root (live) live root may be infected and damaged by fruitbody Minor Heterobasidion annosum Root Rot, Root Fomes, White Pocket Rot - causative organism Russulales: Bondarzewiaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Russulales/Bondarzewiaceae/Heterobasidion annosum/Heterobasidion annosumroot rot, root fomes, white pocket rot (causative organism)fruitbody Foodplant / pathogen /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherliverootMinor fruitbody infects and damages live root
rootstock rootstock may contain larva Coniocleonus nebulosus a weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Coniocleonus nebulosus/Coniocleonus nebulosusa weevillarva Foodplant / internal feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherrootstock larva feeds within rootstock
shoot shoot has sap sucked by nymph Systellonotus triguttatus a plantbug or grassbug Hemiptera: Miridae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Miridae/Systellonotus triguttatus/Systellonotus triguttatusa plantbug or grassbugnymph Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheathershoot nymph sucks sap of shoot
shoot shoot has sap sucked by adult Systellonotus triguttatus a plantbug or grassbug Hemiptera: Miridae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Miridae/Systellonotus triguttatus/Systellonotus triguttatusa plantbug or grassbugadult Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheathershoot (late 5-mid 8)adult sucks sap of shoot
stem stem is galled by Aceria exigua a gall mite Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Trombidiformes/Eriophyidae/Aceria exigua/Aceria exiguaa gall mite Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherstem causes gall of stem
stem stem may contain larva Coniocleonus nebulosus a weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Coniocleonus nebulosus/Coniocleonus nebulosusa weevillarva Foodplant / internal feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherstem larva feeds within stem
stem stem is decayed by fruitbody Mycena sanguinolenta Bleeding Bonnet Agaricales: Mycenaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Mycenaceae/Mycena sanguinolenta/Mycena sanguinolentableeding bonnetfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherstem fruitbody is saprobic on stem
stem stem is associate of basidiocarp Tremella callunicola a brain fungus Tremellales: Tremellaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Tremellomycetes/Tremellales/Tremellaceae/Tremella callunicola/Tremella callunicolaa brain fungusbasidiocarp Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherstem basidiocarp is associated with stem
stem stem is parasitised by haustorium UK/Ireland Cuscuta epithymum Dodder Solanales: Convolvulaceae Flora of the British Isles, Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. & Moore, D.M., 1985
New Flora of the British Isles (Ed 2), Stace, C., 1997
 /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Solanales/Convolvulaceae/Cuscuta epithymum/Cuscuta epithymumdodderhaustorium Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherstem haustorium parasitises stem
stem (burnt) burnt stem is decayed by fruitbody Mycena galopus var nigra Black Milking Bonnet Agaricales: Mycenaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Mycenaceae/Mycena galopus var. nigra/Mycena galopus var. nigrablack milking bonnetfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherburntstem fruitbody is saprobic on burnt stem
stem (dead, decayed) dead, decayed stem is decayed by fruitbody Mycena galopus var nigra Black Milking Bonnet Agaricales: Mycenaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Mycenaceae/Mycena galopus var. nigra/Mycena galopus var. nigrablack milking bonnetfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdead, decayedstem fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed stem
stem (dead, decayed) dead, decayed stem is decayed by fruitbody Pseudotomentella tristis a resupinate fungus Thelephorales: Thelephoraceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Thelephorales/Thelephoraceae/Pseudotomentella tristis/Pseudotomentella tristisa resupinate fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdead, decayedstem fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by gregarious, subiculate apothecium Tapesia cinerella a discomycete Helotiales: Dermateaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Tapesia cinerella/Tapesia cinerellaa discomycetegregarious, subiculateapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdeadstem gregarious, subiculate apothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by subiculate apothecium Tapesia lividofusca a discomycete Helotiales: Dermateaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Tapesia lividofusca/Tapesia lividofuscaa discomycetesubiculateapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdeadstem (5-8)subiculate apothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by erumpent apothecium Pseudophacidium ledi an ascomycete fungus Rhytismatales: Ascodichaenaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Ascodichaenaceae/Pseudophacidium ledi/Pseudophacidium ledian ascomycete funguserumpentapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdeadstem erumpent apothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by fruitbody Major Gymnopus androsaceus Horsehair Parachute, Heather Dieback and Snow-blight - causative organism, Horse-hair Fungus Agaricales: Omphalotaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Omphalotaceae/Gymnopus androsaceus/Gymnopus androsaceushorsehair parachute, heather dieback and snow-blight (causative organism), horse-hair fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdeadstemMajor fruitbody is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by fruitbody UK/Ireland Vuilleminia macrospora a resupinate basidiomycete Corticiales: Corticiaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Corticiales/Corticiaceae/Vuilleminia macrospora/Vuilleminia macrosporaa resupinate basidiomycetefruitbody Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdeadstem fruitbody is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by fruitbody Hypochnicium punctulatum a resupinate basidiomycete Polyporales: Meruliaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Meruliaceae/Hypochnicium punctulatum/Hypochnicium punctulatuma resupinate basidiomycetefruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdeadstem fruitbody is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead) dead stem may have epiphytic fruitbody UK/Ireland Acanthobasidium norvegicum a basidiomycete Russulales: Stereaceae The Corticiaceae of Northern Europe: 2 Aleurodiscus - Confertobasidium, Eriksson, J., Hjortstam, K. & Ryvarden, L., 1973
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
New British Records 127: Acanthobasidium phragmitis Boidin, Lanquetin, Candoussau, Gilles & Hugueney, Roberts, P., 1996
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Russulales/Stereaceae/Acanthobasidium norvegicum/Acanthobasidium norvegicuma basidiomycetefruitbody Plant / epiphyteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdeadstem fruitbody grows on dead stem
stem (dying) dying stem is decayed by fruitbody UK/Ireland Vuilleminia macrospora a resupinate basidiomycete Corticiales: Corticiaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Corticiales/Corticiaceae/Vuilleminia macrospora/Vuilleminia macrosporaa resupinate basidiomycetefruitbody Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdyingstem fruitbody is saprobic on dying stem
stem (dying) dying stem may have epiphytic fruitbody UK/Ireland Acanthobasidium norvegicum a basidiomycete Russulales: Stereaceae The Corticiaceae of Northern Europe: 2 Aleurodiscus - Confertobasidium, Eriksson, J., Hjortstam, K. & Ryvarden, L., 1973
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
New British Records 127: Acanthobasidium phragmitis Boidin, Lanquetin, Candoussau, Gilles & Hugueney, Roberts, P., 1996
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Russulales/Stereaceae/Acanthobasidium norvegicum/Acanthobasidium norvegicuma basidiomycetefruitbody Plant / epiphyteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdyingstem fruitbody grows on dying stem
stem (live) live stem may be infected and damaged by mycelium Gymnopus androsaceus Horsehair Parachute, Heather Dieback and Snow-blight - causative organism, Horse-hair Fungus Agaricales: Omphalotaceae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Omphalotaceae/Gymnopus androsaceus/Gymnopus androsaceushorsehair parachute, heather dieback and snow-blight (causative organism), horse-hair fungusmycelium Foodplant / pathogen /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherlivestem mycelium infects and damages live stem
stem (old) old stem is decayed by usually superficial pseudothecium Keissleriella subalpina an ascomycete Pleosporales: Lentitheciaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Lentitheciaceae/Keissleriella subalpina/Keissleriella subalpinaan ascomyceteusually superficialpseudothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatheroldstem usually superficial pseudothecium is saprobic on old stem
stem (old) old stem is decayed by subiculate apothecium Mollisia obscura a discomycete Helotiales: Dermateaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Mollisia obscura/Mollisia obscuraa discomycetesubiculateapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatheroldstem (4-8)subiculate apothecium is saprobic on old stem
twig? (dead) dead twig? may contain UK/IrelandQuestionable Acalles ptinoides a weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Acalles ptinoides/Acalles ptinoidesa weevil Foodplant / internal feederUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheather?deadtwig? feeds within dead twig?
twig (attached) attached twig may have epiphytic fruitbody UK/Ireland Acanthobasidium norvegicum a basidiomycete Russulales: Stereaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
New British Records 127: Acanthobasidium phragmitis Boidin, Lanquetin, Candoussau, Gilles & Hugueney, Roberts, P., 1996
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Russulales/Stereaceae/Acanthobasidium norvegicum/Acanthobasidium norvegicuma basidiomycetefruitbody Plant / epiphyteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherattachedtwig fruitbody grows on attached twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by effuse, arachnoid colony of Pithomyces dematiaceous anamorph UK/Ireland Pithomyces valparadisiacus a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Pithomyces valparadisiacus/Pithomyces valparadisiacusa dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffuse, arachnoidcolonyPithomyces dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdeadtwig effuse, arachnoid colony of Pithomyces dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by Oidiodendron dematiaceous anamorph Oidiodendron tenuissimum a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Onygenales: Myxotrichaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Onygenales/Myxotrichaceae/Oidiodendron tenuissimum/Oidiodendron tenuissimuma dematiaceous anamorphic fungusOidiodendron dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdeadtwig (1-12)Oidiodendron dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by sessile apothecium Mollisia cinerea Common Grey Disco Helotiales: Dermateaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Mollisia cinerea/Mollisia cinereacommon grey discosessileapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdeadtwig (1-12)sessile apothecium is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by erumpent apothecium Godronia callunigena a discomycete Helotiales: Godroniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Godroniaceae/Godronia callunigena/Godronia callunigenaa discomyceteerumpentapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdeadtwig (8-9)erumpent apothecium is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by pycnidium of Topospora coelomycetous anamorph Godronia callunigena a discomycete Helotiales: Godroniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Godroniaceae/Godronia callunigena/Godronia callunigenaa discomycetepycnidiumTopospora coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdeadtwig (4-5)pycnidium of Topospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by erumpent apothecium Godronia cassandrae f. callunae a discomycete Helotiales: Godroniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Godroniaceae/Godronia cassandrae f. callunae/Godronia cassandrae f. callunaea discomyceteerumpentapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdeadtwig erumpent apothecium is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by Topospora coelomycetous anamorph Godronia cassandrae f. callunae a discomycete Helotiales: Godroniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Godroniaceae/Godronia cassandrae f. callunae/Godronia cassandrae f. callunaea discomyceteTopospora coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdeadtwig Topospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by long stalked apothecium Lachnum virgineum Snowy Disco Helotiales: Lachnaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Lachnaceae/Lachnum virgineum/Lachnum virgineumsnowy discolong stalkedapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdeadtwig (2-10)long stalked apothecium is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by colony of Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous dematiaceous anamorph Phaeostalagmus cyclosporus a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Phaeostalagmus cyclosporus/Phaeostalagmus cyclosporusa dematiaceous anamorphic funguscolonyPhaeostalagmus dematiaceous dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdeadtwig (1-12)colony of Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead twig
wood (dead) dead wood is decayed by Spirosphaera anamorph UK/Ireland Spirosphaera floriformis an anamorphic fungus Helotiales Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Spirosphaera floriformis/Spirosphaera floriformisan anamorphic fungusSpirosphaera anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdeadwood Spirosphaera anamorph is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead) dead wood is decayed by fruitbody Minor Hydnoporia corrugata Glue Fungus, Glue Crust Hymenochaetales: Hymenochaetaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Hymenochaetales/Hymenochaetaceae/Hydnoporia corrugata/Hydnoporia corrugataglue fungus, glue crustfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherdeadwoodMinor fruitbody is saprobic on dead wood
wood (live) live wood is parasitised by fruitbody Minor Hydnoporia corrugata Glue Fungus, Glue Crust Hymenochaetales: Hymenochaetaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Hymenochaetales/Hymenochaetaceae/Hydnoporia corrugata/Hydnoporia corrugataglue fungus, glue crustfruitbody Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Calluna vulgaris/Calluna vulgarisheatherlivewoodMinor fruitbody parasitises live wood

Author & YearTitleSource
Betts, C. (ed.), 1986The Hymenopterist’s HandbookVol 7., Second edition, 208pp, Amateur Entomologists’ Society
Bolton, B. & Collingwood, C.A., 1975Hymenoptera: FormicidaeHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol VI, Part 3(C), 34pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden PlantsCollins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Bullock, J.A., 1992Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations11a, 24pp, Amateur Entomologists’ Society
Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. & Moore, D.M., 1985Flora of the British Isles3 edition, 688pp, Cambridge University Press
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995Fungi of the South East England383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Eriksson, J., Hjortstam, K. & Ryvarden, L., 1973The Corticiaceae of Northern Europe: 2 Aleurodiscus - ConfertobasidiumCorticiaceae of Northern Europe, The, 2, Fungiflora
Grove, W.B., 1935British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidiaVol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Ing, B., 2000Microsphaera azaleae, the perfect state of the Rhododendron mildew in EnglandMycologist Vol 14 (4): 165.
Kirk, W.D.J., 1996ThripsNaturalists' Handbooks, 25, 70pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Macdonald, M.A., 2007Forage, prey and host-parasite relationships of aculeates
MacKinlay, L. & McIntosh, J., 2010Phytophthora ramorum and P. kernoviae in ScotlandBSBI News No. 113: 11-12.
Moore, W.C., 1959British Parasitic Fungi430pp, Cambridge University Press
Morris, M.G., 1997Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae)Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 5, Part 17a, 106pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Morris, M.G., 2002True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to SmicronychinaeHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 5, Part 17b, 149pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Redfern, M. & Shirley, P., 2002British Plant Galls - Identification of galls on plants and fungiAIDGAP Keys, 325pp, Field Studies Council
Roberts, P., 1996New British Records 127: Acanthobasidium phragmitis Boidin, Lanquetin, Candoussau, Gilles & HugueneyMycologist Vol 10 (1): 19-20.
Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959Land and Water Bugs of the British IslesWayside & Woodland Series, 1959 edition, 436pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.
Stace, C., 1997New Flora of the British Isles (Ed 2)Second edition edition, 1130pp, Cambridge University Press
Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls95pp, British Plant Gall Society (BPGS)
Tennant, D.J., 2008Small Cow-wheat Melampyrum sylvaticum L.: Scrophulariaceae in EnglandWatsonia Vol 27, No 1: 23-36.
Tofts, R., 1995New British Records 123: Entoloma argentiostriatum Arnolds & NoordelMycologist Vol 09 (3): 118.

Calluna vulgaris (Heather) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesCalluna vulgaris (Heather)
FamilyERICACEAE (heaths, heathers, rhododendrons, azaleas & wintergeeens)
OrderERICALES (heaths, heathers, azaleas, primroses, loosestrifes and balsams)
SubclassEU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Calluna vulgaris (Heather)

Calluna vulgaris (Heather) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource

Burning

Yallop, A.R., Thacker, T. & Clutterbuck, B. 2006 Mapping extent of burn management in the North Pennines: Review of extent years 2001-2003 Research Reports EN Report no 698.
Yallop, A.R., Thomas, G., Thacker, J., Brewer, T. & Sannier, C. 2005 A history of burning as a management tool in the English uplands - 1: Estimates of the areal extent of management burning in English Uplands Research Reports EN Report no 667.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Calluna vulgaris (Heather):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 28 images of Calluna vulgaris (Heather)
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