Ilex aquifolium (holly)

Interactions where Ilex aquifolium is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'References').

Filters:

Affected Part	Summary	Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Season	Summary
	may have adult	Cryptocephalus pusillus	a leaf beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Cryptocephalus pusillus/	Cryptocephalus pusillus	a leaf beetle			adult	Plant / resting place / on			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly					(5-10)	adult may be found on
	litter is decayed by colony of Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph	Phaeostalagmus tenuissimus	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Phaeostalagmus tenuissimus/	Phaeostalagmus tenuissimus	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		colony	Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly			litter			colony of Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on litter
	may be infected and damaged by	[Armillaria mellea s.l.]	honey fungi	Agaricales: Physalacriaceae	British Parasitic Fungi, Moore, W.C., 1959	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Physalacriaceae/Armillaria mellea s.l./	Armillaria mellea s.l.	honey fungi				Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly						infects and damages
(piled, decayed)	piled, decayed sawdust is decayed by fruitbody	Pluteus petasatus	Scaly Shield	Agaricales: Pluteaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Pluteaceae/Pluteus petasatus/	Pluteus petasatus	scaly shield			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	piled, decayed		sawdust	Rare		fruitbody is saprobic on piled, decayed sawdust
bark (lenticel)	bark (lenticel) may have thallus	Calicium diploellum	a lichen	Teloschistales: Caliciaceae	Calicium diploellum New to England!, Sanderson, N.A., 2016	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Lecanoromycetes/Teloschistales/Caliciaceae/Calicium diploellum/	Calicium diploellum	a lichen		thallus		Plant / resting place / on		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly		bark (lenticel)				thallus may be found on bark (lenticel)
bark (small stems) (live, blackened)	live, blackened bark (small stems) may be infected and damaged by	Phytophthora ilicis	Holly Leaf Bllight - causative organism	Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae	Holly leaf blight, RHS Phytophthora ilicis, Hall, G., 1991	/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Phytophthora ilicis/	Phytophthora ilicis	holly leaf bllight - causative organism				Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	live, blackened	bark (small stems)				infects and damages live, blackened bark (small stems)
bark lenticel (live)	live bark lenticel is parasitised by	Mycoporum lacteum	an ascomycete	Mycoporaceae	Calicium diploellum New to England!, Sanderson, N.A., 2016	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Mycoporaceae/Mycoporum lacteum/	Mycoporum lacteum	an ascomycete				Foodplant / parasite	Relationship uncertain	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	live	bark lenticel		Sole		parasitises live bark lenticel
bark	bark is decayed by perithecium	Cosmospora viridescens	a pyrenomycete	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Cosmospora viridescens/	Cosmospora viridescens	a pyrenomycete			perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly		bark			(9-5)	perithecium is saprobic on bark
bark (dead, locally stained)	dead, locally stained bark is decayed by subgregarious, conical, black, plurilocular stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph	Cytospora aquifolii	a stromatic coelomycete	Diaporthales: Valsaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Cytospora aquifolii/	Cytospora aquifolii	a stromatic coelomycete	subgregarious, conical, black, plurilocular	stroma	Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, locally stained	bark			(3-4)	subgregarious, conical, black, plurilocular stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead, locally stained bark
bark (dead)	dead bark is decayed by sporodochium of Cryptocoryneum dematiaceous anamorph	Cryptocoryneum condensatum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Cryptocoryneum condensatum/	Cryptocoryneum condensatum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		sporodochium	Cryptocoryneum dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	bark				sporodochium of Cryptocoryneum dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead bark
bark (dead)	dead bark is decayed by velvety or spongy colony of Corynespora dematiaceous anamorph	Corynespora smithii	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Pleosporales: Corynesporascaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Corynesporascaceae/Corynespora smithii/	Corynespora smithii	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	velvety or spongy	colony	Corynespora dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	bark			(9-6)	velvety or spongy colony of Corynespora dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead bark
bark (dead)	dead bark is decayed by Periconia dematiaceous anamorph	Periconia cambrensis	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Pleosporales	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Periconia cambrensis/	Periconia cambrensis	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus			Periconia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	bark			(8-4)	Periconia dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead bark
bark (dead)	dead bark is spotted by effuse colony of Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph	Sporidesmium ilicinum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Sporidesmium ilicinum/	Sporidesmium ilicinum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	bark				effuse colony of Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph causes spots on dead bark
bark (dead)	dead bark is decayed by colony of Menispora dematiaceous anamorph	Menispora ciliata	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Menispora ciliata/	Menispora ciliata	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		colony	Menispora dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	bark				colony of Menispora dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead bark
bark (dead)	dead bark is decayed by perithecium	Ijuhya peristomialis	a pyrenomycete	Hypocreales: Bionectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Bionectriaceae/Ijuhya peristomialis/	Ijuhya peristomialis	a pyrenomycete			perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	bark				perithecium is saprobic on dead bark
bark (dead)	dead bark is decayed by effuse colony of Ceratosporium dematiaceous anamorph	Ceratosporium fuscescens	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Sordariales: Helminthosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Sordariales/Helminthosphaeriaceae/Ceratosporium fuscescens/	Ceratosporium fuscescens	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Ceratosporium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	bark			(2-6)	effuse colony of Ceratosporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead bark
berry	berry is foodplant of adult	Turdus viscivorus	Mistle Thrush	Passeriformes: Muscicapidae	Mistletoe - distribution, biology and the National Survey, Briggs, J., 1995	/Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Passeriformes/Muscicapidae/Turdus viscivorus/	Turdus viscivorus	mistle thrush			adult	Foodplant / feeds on		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly		berry				adult feeds on berry
berry (buried, mummified)	buried, mummified berry is decayed by fruitbody	Tubaria dispersa	Hawthorn Twiglet	Agaricales: Tubariaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Tubariaceae/Tubaria dispersa/	Tubaria dispersa	hawthorn twiglet			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	buried, mummified	berry		Rare	(late spring, early autumn)	fruitbody is saprobic on buried, mummified berry
branch (large) (dying)	dying branch (large) is decayed by erumpent stroma	Nectria punicea var ilicis	a pyrenomycete	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Nectria punicea var. ilicis/	Nectria punicea var. ilicis	a pyrenomycete	erumpent		stroma	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dying	branch (large)			(10-5)	erumpent stroma is saprobic on dying branch (large)
branch (large) (dying)	dying branch (large) is decayed by crowded, stromatic perithecium	Nectria punicea var ilicis	a pyrenomycete	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Nectria punicea var. ilicis/	Nectria punicea var. ilicis	a pyrenomycete	crowded, stromatic		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dying	branch (large)			(10-5)	crowded, stromatic perithecium is saprobic on dying branch (large)
branch wood (dry, hard, decorticate)	dry, hard, decorticate branch wood is decayed by superficial pycnidium of Aposphaeria coelomycetous anamorph	Melanomma pulvis-pyrius	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Melanommataceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Melanommataceae/Melanomma pulvis-pyrius/	Melanomma pulvis-pyrius	an ascomycete	superficial	pycnidium	Aposphaeria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dry, hard, decorticate	branch wood			(9-5)	superficial pycnidium of Aposphaeria coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dry, hard, decorticate branch wood
branch wood (dry, hard, decorticate)	dry, hard, decorticate branch wood is decayed by superficial, often in very large clusters pseudothecium	Melanomma pulvis-pyrius	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Melanommataceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Melanommataceae/Melanomma pulvis-pyrius/	Melanomma pulvis-pyrius	an ascomycete	superficial, often in very large clusters		pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dry, hard, decorticate	branch wood			(9-5)	superficial, often in very large clusters pseudothecium is saprobic on dry, hard, decorticate branch wood
branch	branch is decayed by erumpent stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph	Valsa ceratosperma	a valsoid pyrenomycete	Diaporthales: Valsaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Valsa ceratosperma/	Valsa ceratosperma	a valsoid pyrenomycete	erumpent	stroma	Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly		branch			(11-3)	erumpent stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on branch
branch	branch is decayed by immersed, in groups of about 10 perithecium	Valsa ceratosperma	a valsoid pyrenomycete	Diaporthales: Valsaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Valsa ceratosperma/	Valsa ceratosperma	a valsoid pyrenomycete	immersed, in groups of about 10		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly		branch			(11-3)	immersed, in groups of about 10 perithecium is saprobic on branch
branch (attached)	attached branch is decayed by stroma of Trimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph	Trimmatostroma betulinum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Helotiales	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Trimmatostroma betulinum/	Trimmatostroma betulinum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		stroma	Trimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	attached	branch			(2-5)	stroma of Trimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on attached branch
branch (attached)	attached branch is decayed by stromatic, sometimes confluent sporodochium of Trimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph	Trimmatostroma betulinum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Helotiales	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Trimmatostroma betulinum/	Trimmatostroma betulinum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	stromatic, sometimes confluent	sporodochium	Trimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	attached	branch			(2-5)	stromatic, sometimes confluent sporodochium of Trimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on attached branch
branch (cankered)	cankered branch may be infected and damaged by	Nectria galligena	Apple and Pear Canker	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Nectria galligena/	Nectria galligena	apple and pear canker				Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	cankered	branch				infects and damages cankered branch
branch (damp, rotten, esp. leaf-covered)	damp, rotten, esp. leaf-covered branch is associate of effuse colony of Heteroconium anamorph	Heteroconium tetracoilum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Heteroconium tetracoilum/	Heteroconium tetracoilum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Heteroconium anamorph	Plant / associate			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	damp, rotten, esp. leaf-covered	branch				effuse colony of Heteroconium anamorph is associated with damp, rotten, esp. leaf-covered branch
branch (dead, attached)	dead, attached branch is decayed by clustered, stromatic perithecium	Thyronectria aquifolii	a pyrenomycete		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Thyronectria aquifolii/	Thyronectria aquifolii	a pyrenomycete	clustered, stromatic		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, attached	branch			(1-4)	clustered, stromatic perithecium is saprobic on dead, attached branch
branch (dead, attached)	dead, attached branch is decayed by erumpent stroma	Thyronectria aquifolii	a pyrenomycete		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Thyronectria aquifolii/	Thyronectria aquifolii	a pyrenomycete	erumpent		stroma	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, attached	branch			(1-4)	erumpent stroma is saprobic on dead, attached branch
branch (dead, decorticate or with bark rolling back)	dead, decorticate or with bark rolling back branch is decayed by widely effused stroma	Diatrype stigma	Common Tarcrust	Xylariales: Diatrypaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Diatrypaceae/Diatrype stigma/	Diatrype stigma	common tarcrust	widely effused		stroma	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, decorticate or with bark rolling back	branch			(1-12)	widely effused stroma is saprobic on dead, decorticate or with bark rolling back branch
branch (dead, decorticate or with bark rolling back)	dead, decorticate or with bark rolling back branch is decayed by stromatic, immersed perithecium	Diatrype stigma	Common Tarcrust	Xylariales: Diatrypaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Diatrypaceae/Diatrype stigma/	Diatrype stigma	common tarcrust	stromatic, immersed		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, decorticate or with bark rolling back	branch			(1-12)	stromatic, immersed perithecium is saprobic on dead, decorticate or with bark rolling back branch
branch (dead, decorticate, attached)	dead, decorticate, attached branch is decayed by fruitbody	Vuilleminia comedens	Waxy Crust	Corticiales: Corticiaceae	British Vuilleminia species, Morris, I. & Roberts, P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Corticiales/Corticiaceae/Vuilleminia comedens/	Vuilleminia comedens	waxy crust			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, decorticate, attached	branch				fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decorticate, attached branch
branch (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen branch is decayed by clustered, stromatic perithecium	Thyronectria aquifolii	a pyrenomycete		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Thyronectria aquifolii/	Thyronectria aquifolii	a pyrenomycete	clustered, stromatic		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, fallen	branch			(1-4)	clustered, stromatic perithecium is saprobic on dead, fallen branch
branch (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen branch is decayed by erumpent stroma	Thyronectria aquifolii	a pyrenomycete		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Thyronectria aquifolii/	Thyronectria aquifolii	a pyrenomycete	erumpent		stroma	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, fallen	branch			(1-4)	erumpent stroma is saprobic on dead, fallen branch
branch (dead, often grey or purple stained)	dead, often grey or purple stained branch is decayed by effuse colony of Triposporium dematiaceous anamorph	Triposporium elegans	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Asterinales: Asterinaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Asterinales/Asterinaceae/Triposporium elegans/	Triposporium elegans	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Triposporium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, often grey or purple stained	branch			(1-12)	effuse colony of Triposporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead, often grey or purple stained branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by hysterothecium	Gloniopsis praelonga	an ascomycete	Hysteriales: Hysteriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Hysteriales/Hysteriaceae/Gloniopsis praelonga/	Gloniopsis praelonga	an ascomycete			hysterothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	branch			(1-12)	hysterothecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by effuse colony of Pseudospiropes dematiaceous anamorph	Strossmayeria basitricha	a discomycete	Helotiales: Helotiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Helotiaceae/Strossmayeria basitricha/	Strossmayeria basitricha	a discomycete	effuse	colony	Pseudospiropes dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	branch				effuse colony of Pseudospiropes dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by apothecium	Dematioscypha dematiicola	a discomycete	Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Hyaloscyphaceae/Dematioscypha dematiicola/	Dematioscypha dematiicola	a discomycete			apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	branch			(10-4)	apothecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by effuse colony of Haplographium dematiaceous anamorph	Dematioscypha dematiicola	a discomycete	Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Hyaloscyphaceae/Dematioscypha dematiicola/	Dematioscypha dematiicola	a discomycete	effuse	colony	Haplographium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	branch			(1-12)	effuse colony of Haplographium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by apothecium	Proliferodiscus pulveraceus	a discomycete	Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Hyaloscyphaceae/Proliferodiscus pulveraceus/	Proliferodiscus pulveraceus	a discomycete			apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	branch			(6-9)	apothecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by effuse colony of Dactylosporium dematiaceous anamorph	Dactylosporium macropus	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Orbiliales: Orbiliaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Orbiliomycetes/Orbiliales/Orbiliaceae/Dactylosporium macropus/	Dactylosporium macropus	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Dactylosporium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	branch				effuse colony of Dactylosporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by perithecium	Nitschkia grevillei	a pyrenomycete	Coronophorales: Nitschkiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Coronophorales/Nitschkiaceae/Nitschkia grevillei/	Nitschkia grevillei	a pyrenomycete			perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe	Relationship uncertain		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	branch			(10-3)	perithecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by stromatic, in clusters of up to 15 perithecium	Nectria cinnabarina	Coral Spot, Coral-spot Fungus	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Nectria cinnabarina/	Nectria cinnabarina	coral spot, coral-spot fungus	stromatic, in clusters of up to 15		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	branch			(9-3)	stromatic, in clusters of up to 15 perithecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by sporodochium of Tubercularia anamorph	Nectria cinnabarina	Coral Spot, Coral-spot Fungus	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Nectria cinnabarina/	Nectria cinnabarina	coral spot, coral-spot fungus		sporodochium	Tubercularia anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	branch				sporodochium of Tubercularia anamorph is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by superficial perithecium	Nectria pseudopeziza	a pyrenomycete	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Nectria pseudopeziza/	Nectria pseudopeziza	a pyrenomycete	superficial		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	branch			(9-4)	superficial perithecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by scattered or on a stroma in groups of 5 to 30 perithecium	Neonectria coccinea	Beech Bark Disease - causative organism	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Neonectria coccinea/	Neonectria coccinea	beech bark disease (causative organism)	scattered or on a stroma in groups of 5 to 30		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	branch			(9-5)	scattered or on a stroma in groups of 5 to 30 perithecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by Cylindrocarpon anamorph	Neonectria coccinea	Beech Bark Disease - causative organism	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Neonectria coccinea/	Neonectria coccinea	beech bark disease (causative organism)			Cylindrocarpon anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	branch			(9-5)	Cylindrocarpon anamorph is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by erumpent stroma	Neonectria coccinea	Beech Bark Disease - causative organism	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Neonectria coccinea/	Neonectria coccinea	beech bark disease (causative organism)	erumpent		stroma	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	branch			(9-5)	erumpent stroma is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by superficial, scattered perithecium	Rosellinia mammiformis	a pyrenomycete	Xylariales: Xylariaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Xylariaceae/Rosellinia mammiformis/	Rosellinia mammiformis	a pyrenomycete	superficial, scattered		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	branch		Minor	(5-9)	superficial, scattered perithecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (diatrypaceous fungus infested, fallen)	diatrypaceous fungus infested, fallen branch is associate of subiculate perithecium	Chaetosphaerella fusca	a pyrenomycete	Coronophorales: Chaetosphaerellaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Coronophorales/Chaetosphaerellaceae/Chaetosphaerella fusca/	Chaetosphaerella fusca	a pyrenomycete	subiculate		perithecium	Plant / associate			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	diatrypaceous fungus infested, fallen	branch			(9-2)	subiculate perithecium is associated with diatrypaceous fungus infested, fallen branch
branch (diatrypaceous fungus infested, fallen)	diatrypaceous fungus infested, fallen branch is associate of subiculate Oedemium dematiaceous anamorph	Chaetosphaerella fusca	a pyrenomycete	Coronophorales: Chaetosphaerellaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Coronophorales/Chaetosphaerellaceae/Chaetosphaerella fusca/	Chaetosphaerella fusca	a pyrenomycete	subiculate		Oedemium dematiaceous anamorph	Plant / associate			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	diatrypaceous fungus infested, fallen	branch			(9-2)	subiculate Oedemium dematiaceous anamorph is associated with diatrypaceous fungus infested, fallen branch
branch (fallen, dead)	fallen, dead branch is decayed by effuse colony of Helminthosporium dematiaceous anamorph	Helminthosporium velutinum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Pleosporales: Massarinaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Massarinaceae/Helminthosporium velutinum/	Helminthosporium velutinum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Helminthosporium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	fallen, dead	branch				effuse colony of Helminthosporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen, dead branch
branch (fallen, dead)	fallen, dead branch is decayed by perithecium	Chaetosphaeria cupulifera	a pyrenomycete	Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Chaetosphaeria cupulifera/	Chaetosphaeria cupulifera	a pyrenomycete			perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	fallen, dead	branch			(12-6)	perithecium is saprobic on fallen, dead branch
branch (fallen, dead)	fallen, dead branch is decayed by colony of Catenularia dematiaceous anamorph	Chaetosphaeria cupulifera	a pyrenomycete	Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Chaetosphaeria cupulifera/	Chaetosphaeria cupulifera	a pyrenomycete		colony	Catenularia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	fallen, dead	branch			(12-6)	colony of Catenularia dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen, dead branch
branch (fallen, dead)	fallen, dead branch is decayed by colony of Catenularia dematiaceous anamorph	Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa	a pyrenomycete	Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa/	Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa	a pyrenomycete		colony	Catenularia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	fallen, dead	branch			(1-12)	colony of Catenularia dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen, dead branch
branch (fallen, dead)	fallen, dead branch is decayed by perithecium	Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa	a pyrenomycete	Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa/	Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa	a pyrenomycete			perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	fallen, dead	branch			(1-12)	perithecium is saprobic on fallen, dead branch
branch (fallen, dead)	fallen, dead branch is decayed by colony of Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph	Phaeostalagmus cyclosporus	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Phaeostalagmus cyclosporus/	Phaeostalagmus cyclosporus	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		colony	Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	fallen, dead	branch			(1-12)	colony of Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen, dead branch
branch (fallen)	fallen branch is decayed by stroma of Trimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph	Trimmatostroma betulinum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Helotiales	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Trimmatostroma betulinum/	Trimmatostroma betulinum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		stroma	Trimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	fallen	branch			(2-5)	stroma of Trimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen branch
branch (fallen)	fallen branch is decayed by stromatic, sometimes confluent sporodochium of Trimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph	Trimmatostroma betulinum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Helotiales	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Trimmatostroma betulinum/	Trimmatostroma betulinum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	stromatic, sometimes confluent	sporodochium	Trimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	fallen	branch			(2-5)	stromatic, sometimes confluent sporodochium of Trimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen branch
branch (fallen)	fallen branch is decayed by effuse colony of Pleurotheciopsis dematiaceous anamorph	Pleurotheciopsis bramleyi	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Pleurotheciopsis bramleyi/	Pleurotheciopsis bramleyi	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Pleurotheciopsis dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	fallen	branch			(1-12)	effuse colony of Pleurotheciopsis dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen branch
branch (fallen)	fallen branch is decayed by colony of Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph	Phaeostalagmus tenuissimus	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Phaeostalagmus tenuissimus/	Phaeostalagmus tenuissimus	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		colony	Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	fallen	branch				colony of Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen branch
branch (fallen)	fallen branch is decayed by resupinate fruitbody	Eichleriella deglubens	Blushing Crust	Auriculariales: Auriculariaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Eichleriella deglubens/	Eichleriella deglubens	blushing crust	resupinate		fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	fallen	branch				resupinate fruitbody is saprobic on fallen branch
branch (fungus infected, fallen)	fungus infected, fallen branch is associate of subiculate perithecium	Chaetosphaerella phaeostroma	a pyrenomycete	Coronophorales: Chaetosphaerellaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Coronophorales/Chaetosphaerellaceae/Chaetosphaerella phaeostroma/	Chaetosphaerella phaeostroma	a pyrenomycete	subiculate		perithecium	Plant / associate			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	fungus infected, fallen	branch			(9-4)	subiculate perithecium is associated with fungus infected, fallen branch
branch (live, decorticate)	live, decorticate branch is decayed by fruitbody	Vuilleminia comedens	Waxy Crust	Corticiales: Corticiaceae	British Vuilleminia species, Morris, I. & Roberts, P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Corticiales/Corticiaceae/Vuilleminia comedens/	Vuilleminia comedens	waxy crust			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	live, decorticate	branch				fruitbody is saprobic on live, decorticate branch
leaf (blade)	leaf (blade) is mined by larva	Phytomyza ilicis	Holly Leaf-miner, Holly Leaf Gall Fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Phytomyza ilicis/	Phytomyza ilicis	holly leaf-miner, holly leaf gall fly			larva	Foodplant / miner		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly		leaf (blade)		Sole		larva mines leaf (blade)
leaf (midrib)	leaf (midrib) may contain larva (young)	Phytomyza ilicis	Holly Leaf-miner, Holly Leaf Gall Fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Phytomyza ilicis/	Phytomyza ilicis	holly leaf-miner, holly leaf gall fly			larva (young)	Foodplant / internal feeder		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly		leaf (midrib)		Sole		larva (young) feeds within leaf (midrib)
leaf	leaf is foodplant of hypophyllous, scattered or in 2’s and 3’s, black, covered pycnidium of Stagonospora coelomycetous anamorph	Stagonospora ilicis	a coelomycete	Pleosporales: Phaeosphaeriaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phaeosphaeriaceae/Stagonospora ilicis/	Stagonospora ilicis	a coelomycete	hypophyllous, scattered or in 2’s and 3’s, black, covered	pycnidium	Stagonospora coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / feeds on		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly		leaf			(4)	hypophyllous, scattered or in 2’s and 3’s, black, covered pycnidium of Stagonospora coelomycetous anamorph feeds on leaf
leaf (damp, dead, decayed)	damp, dead, decayed leaf of litter is decayed by sclerotial fruitbody	Typhula phacorrhiza	Tuberous Club	Agaricales: Typhulaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Typhulaceae/Typhula phacorrhiza/	Typhula phacorrhiza	tuberous club	sclerotial		fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	damp, dead, decayed	leaf	litter	Rare		sclerotial fruitbody is saprobic on damp, dead, decayed leaf of litter
leaf (dead tip)	dead tip leaf may be infected and damaged by numerous, subepidermal pycnidium of Dendrophoma coelomycetous anamorph	Dendrophoma phyllogena	a coelomycete	Xylariales	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Dendrophoma phyllogena/	Dendrophoma phyllogena	a coelomycete	numerous, subepidermal	pycnidium	Dendrophoma coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead tip	leaf			(5)	numerous, subepidermal pycnidium of Dendrophoma coelomycetous anamorph infects and damages dead tip leaf
leaf (dead, fallen, decayed)	dead, fallen, decayed leaf is decayed by fruitbody	Pellidiscus pallidus	an ear toadstool	Agaricales: Inocybaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Inocybaceae/Pellidiscus pallidus/	Pellidiscus pallidus	an ear toadstool			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, fallen, decayed	leaf		Major		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed leaf
leaf (dead, fallen, decaying)	dead, fallen, decaying leaf is decayed by fruitbody	Marasmius hudsonii	Holly Parachute	Agaricales: Marasmiaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Marasmiaceae/Marasmius hudsonii/	Marasmius hudsonii	holly parachute			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, fallen, decaying	leaf		Sole		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, decaying leaf
leaf (dead, fallen, deeply buried esp. under hedges)	dead, fallen, deeply buried esp. under hedges leaf is decayed by solitary or clustered, short-stalked, erumpent from pseudostroma apothecium	Microscypha enrhizus	a discomycete	Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Hyaloscyphaceae/Microscypha enrhizus/	Microscypha enrhizus	a discomycete	solitary or clustered, short-stalked, erumpent from pseudostroma		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, fallen, deeply buried esp. under hedges	leaf			(12-1)	solitary or clustered, short-stalked, erumpent from pseudostroma apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen, deeply buried esp. under hedges leaf
leaf (dead, fallen, deeply buried esp. under hedges)	dead, fallen, deeply buried esp. under hedges leaf is decayed by pseudostroma	Microscypha enrhizus	a discomycete	Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Hyaloscyphaceae/Microscypha enrhizus/	Microscypha enrhizus	a discomycete			pseudostroma	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, fallen, deeply buried esp. under hedges	leaf			(12-1)	pseudostroma is saprobic on dead, fallen, deeply buried esp. under hedges leaf
leaf (dead, fallen, locally bleached)	dead, fallen, locally bleached leaf is decayed by hypophyllous apothecium	Lophodermium neesii	Holly Leaf Split	Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Lophodermium neesii/	Lophodermium neesii	holly leaf split	hypophyllous		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, fallen, locally bleached	leaf			(6-8)	hypophyllous apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen, locally bleached leaf
leaf (dead, fallen, rotting)	dead, fallen, rotting leaf is decayed by mostly epiphyllous thyriothecium	Microthyrium microscopicum	a fly speck fungus	Microthyriales: Microthyriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Microthyriales/Microthyriaceae/Microthyrium microscopicum/	Microthyrium microscopicum	a fly speck fungus	mostly epiphyllous		thyriothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, fallen, rotting	leaf			(1-12)	mostly epiphyllous thyriothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen, rotting leaf
leaf (dead, fallen, rotting)	dead, fallen, rotting leaf is decayed by effuse colony of Oidiodendron anamorph	Oidiodendron flavum	an anamorphic fungus	Onygenales: Myxotrichaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Onygenales/Myxotrichaceae/Oidiodendron flavum/	Oidiodendron flavum	an anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Oidiodendron anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, fallen, rotting	leaf			(12-1)	effuse colony of Oidiodendron anamorph is saprobic on dead, fallen, rotting leaf
leaf (dead, fallen, rotting)	dead, fallen, rotting leaf is decayed by effuse colony of Chalara dematiaceous anamorph	Chalara bulbosa	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Microascales	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Microascales/Chalara bulbosa/	Chalara bulbosa	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Chalara dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, fallen, rotting	leaf			(1-2)	effuse colony of Chalara dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead, fallen, rotting leaf
leaf (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen leaf is decayed by immersed, but raising epidermis pycnidium of Diplodia coelomycetous anamorph	Diplodia ilicicola	a coelomycete	Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeriaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Botryosphaeriaceae/Diplodia ilicicola/	Diplodia ilicicola	a coelomycete	immersed, but raising epidermis	pycnidium	Diplodia coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, fallen	leaf			(10-4)	immersed, but raising epidermis pycnidium of Diplodia coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen leaf is decayed by immersed, epiphyllous, opening by little pale lid apothecium	Trochila ilicina	Holly Speckle	Helotiales: Dermateaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Trochila ilicina/	Trochila ilicina	holly speckle	immersed, epiphyllous, opening by little pale lid		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, fallen	leaf			(esp. 12-2)	immersed, epiphyllous, opening by little pale lid apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen leaf is decayed by immersed, stromatic apothecium	Phacidium multivalve	a discomycete	Helotiales: Phacidiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Phacidiaceae/Phacidium multivalve/	Phacidium multivalve	a discomycete	immersed, stromatic		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, fallen	leaf			(4-5)	immersed, stromatic apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen leaf is decayed by immersed, round, black stroma of Ceuthospora coelomycetous anamorph	Phacidium multivalve	a discomycete	Helotiales: Phacidiaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Phacidiaceae/Phacidium multivalve/	Phacidium multivalve	a discomycete	immersed, round, black	stroma	Ceuthospora coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, fallen	leaf			(1-4)	immersed, round, black stroma of Ceuthospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen leaf is decayed by effuse colony of Dictyochaeta dematiaceous anamorph	Dictyochaeta setosa	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Dictyochaeta setosa/	Dictyochaeta setosa	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Dictyochaeta dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, fallen	leaf				effuse colony of Dictyochaeta dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen leaf is decayed by superficial, hypophyllous perithecium	Hydropisphaera erubescens	a pyrenomycete	Hypocreales: Bionectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Bionectriaceae/Hydropisphaera erubescens/	Hydropisphaera erubescens	a pyrenomycete	superficial, hypophyllous		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, fallen	leaf			(10-4)	superficial, hypophyllous perithecium is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen leaf is decayed by perithecium	Calonectria ilicicola	a pyrenomycete	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Calonectria hederae Arnaud and its Cylindrocladium conidial state, Booth, C. & Murray, J.S., 1960	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Calonectria ilicicola/	Calonectria ilicicola	a pyrenomycete			perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, fallen	leaf				perithecium is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen leaf is decayed by Cylindrocladium anamorph	Calonectria ilicicola	a pyrenomycete	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Calonectria hederae Arnaud and its Cylindrocladium conidial state, Booth, C. & Murray, J.S., 1960	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Calonectria ilicicola/	Calonectria ilicicola	a pyrenomycete			Cylindrocladium anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, fallen	leaf				Cylindrocladium anamorph is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen leaf is decayed by effuse colony of Subulispora dematiaceous anamorph	Subulispora britannica	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Subulispora britannica/	Subulispora britannica	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Subulispora dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, fallen	leaf				effuse colony of Subulispora dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen leaf is decayed by fruitbody	Mycocalia sphagneti	Bog Cannon, Bog Mycocalia	Agaricales: Agaricaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Agaricaceae/Mycocalia sphagneti/	Mycocalia sphagneti	bog cannon, bog mycocalia			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, fallen	leaf				fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead, patchily dark brown)	dead, patchily dark brown leaf is decayed by more or less scattered, or in 2’s & 3’s, long covered pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph	Diaporthe crustosa	a valsoid pyrenomyete	Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Diaporthe crustosa/	Diaporthe crustosa	a valsoid pyrenomyete	more or less scattered, or in 2’s & 3’s, long covered	pycnidium	Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, patchily dark brown	leaf			(12-2)	more or less scattered, or in 2’s & 3’s, long covered pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead, patchily dark brown leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by immersed, numerous, gregarious pycnidium of Coleophoma coelomycetous anamorph	Coleophoma cylindrospora	a coelomycete		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Coleophoma cylindrospora/	Coleophoma cylindrospora	a coelomycete	immersed, numerous, gregarious	pycnidium	Coleophoma coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	leaf			(4-5)	immersed, numerous, gregarious pycnidium of Coleophoma coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by epiphyllous, immersed pseudothecium	Phyllosticta philoprina	an ascomycete	Botryosphaeriales: Phyllostictaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Phyllostictaceae/Phyllosticta philoprina/	Phyllosticta philoprina	an ascomycete	epiphyllous, immersed		pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	leaf			(12)	epiphyllous, immersed pseudothecium is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by often in concentric rings pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph	Phyllosticta philoprina	an ascomycete	Botryosphaeriales: Phyllostictaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Phyllostictaceae/Phyllosticta philoprina/	Phyllosticta philoprina	an ascomycete	often in concentric rings	pycnidium	Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	leaf				often in concentric rings pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by often in concentric rings, sometimes stromatic pycnidium of Dothiorella coelomycetous anamorph	Phyllosticta philoprina	an ascomycete	Botryosphaeriales: Phyllostictaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Phyllostictaceae/Phyllosticta philoprina/	Phyllosticta philoprina	an ascomycete	often in concentric rings, sometimes stromatic	pycnidium	Dothiorella coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	leaf				often in concentric rings, sometimes stromatic pycnidium of Dothiorella coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is spotted by often in concentric rings pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph	Phyllosticta philoprina	an ascomycete	Botryosphaeriales: Phyllostictaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Phyllostictaceae/Phyllosticta philoprina/	Phyllosticta philoprina	an ascomycete	often in concentric rings	pycnidium	Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	leaf				often in concentric rings pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on dead leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by hypostromatic hysterothecium	Aulographum hederae	a fly speck fungus	Asterinales: Aulographaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 A reappraisal of Microthyriaceae, Wu, H.X., Schoch, C.L., Boonmee, S., Bahkali, A.H., Chomnunti, P. & Hyde, K.D., 2011	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Asterinales/Aulographaceae/Aulographum hederae/	Aulographum hederae	a fly speck fungus	hypostromatic		hysterothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	leaf			(1-7)	hypostromatic hysterothecium is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by effuse colony of Periconiella dematiaceous anamorph	Periconiella ilicis	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Periconiella ilicis/	Periconiella ilicis	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Periconiella dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	leaf				effuse colony of Periconiella dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by amphigenous thyriothecium	Microthyrium ciliatum var ciliatum	a fly speck fungus	Microthyriales: Microthyriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Microthyriales/Microthyriaceae/Microthyrium ciliatum var. ciliatum/	Microthyrium ciliatum var. ciliatum	a fly speck fungus	amphigenous		thyriothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	leaf			(10-5)	amphigenous thyriothecium is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by immersed then erumpent, amphigenous, scattered pycnidium of Pyrenochaeta coelomycetous anamorph	Pyrenochaeta ilicis	a coelomycete		Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pyrenochaeta ilicis/	Pyrenochaeta ilicis	a coelomycete	immersed then erumpent, amphigenous, scattered	pycnidium	Pyrenochaeta coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	leaf			(10-5)	immersed then erumpent, amphigenous, scattered pycnidium of Pyrenochaeta coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by effuse or discrete colony of Anungitea dematiaceous anamorph	Anungitea fragilis	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Venturiales: Venturiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Venturiales/Venturiaceae/Anungitea fragilis/	Anungitea fragilis	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse or discrete	colony	Anungitea dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	leaf			(5-9)	effuse or discrete colony of Anungitea dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by effuse colony of Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph	Sporidesmium goidanichii	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Sporidesmium goidanichii/	Sporidesmium goidanichii	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	leaf				effuse colony of Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by effuse colony of Henicospora dematiaceous anamorph	Henicospora minor	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Henicospora minor/	Henicospora minor	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Henicospora dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	leaf			(9-11)	effuse colony of Henicospora dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by superficial, mostly epiphyllous perithecium	Niesslia ilicifolia	an ascomycete fungus	Hypocreales: Niessliaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Niessliaceae/Niesslia ilicifolia/	Niesslia ilicifolia	an ascomycete fungus	superficial, mostly epiphyllous		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	leaf			(3-6)	superficial, mostly epiphyllous perithecium is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (decaying, dead)	decaying, dead leaf is decayed by effuse colony of Dactylaria dematiaceous anamorph	Dactylaria fusiformis	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Helotiales	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dactylaria fusiformis/	Dactylaria fusiformis	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Dactylaria dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	decaying, dead	leaf				effuse colony of Dactylaria dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on decaying, dead leaf
leaf (fading)	fading leaf is spotted by epiphyllous, immersed pycnidium of Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph	Coniothyrium ilicis	a coelomycete	Pleosporales: Coniothyriaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 British Parasitic Fungi, Moore, W.C., 1959	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Coniothyriaceae/Coniothyrium ilicis/	Coniothyrium ilicis	a coelomycete	epiphyllous, immersed	pycnidium	Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	fading	leaf			(3-7)	epiphyllous, immersed pycnidium of Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on fading leaf
leaf (live, black-blotched)	live, black-blotched leaf may be infected and damaged by	Phytophthora ilicis	Holly Leaf Bllight - causative organism	Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae	Holly leaf blight, RHS Phytophthora ilicis, Hall, G., 1991	/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Phytophthora ilicis/	Phytophthora ilicis	holly leaf bllight - causative organism				Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	live, black-blotched	leaf		Major		infects and damages live, black-blotched leaf
leaf (live, mined)	live, mined leaf is spotted by epiphyllous, few pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph	Ascochyta ilicis	a coelomycete	Pleosporales	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Ascochyta ilicis/	Ascochyta ilicis	a coelomycete	epiphyllous, few	pycnidium	Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	live, mined	leaf			(2)	epiphyllous, few pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live, mined leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf has sap sucked by hypophyllous	Pulvinaria floccifera	Cushion Scale, Cottony Camellia Scale	Hemiptera: Coccidae	Cottony camellia scale, an increasingly important horticultural pest, Anon., 2009 Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Changes in status and distribution of Hydrangea Scale, Pulvinaria hydrangeae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) in Britain, Salisbury, A. & Malumphy, C., 2017	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Pulvinaria floccifera/	Pulvinaria floccifera	cushion scale, cottony camellia scale	hypophyllous			Foodplant / sap sucker		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	live	leaf		Major		hypophyllous sucks sap of live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is spotted by gregarious pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph	Phyllosticta aquifolina	an ilex leaf spot	Botryosphaeriales: Phyllostictaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Phyllostictaceae/Phyllosticta aquifolina/	Phyllosticta aquifolina	an ilex leaf spot	gregarious	pycnidium	Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	live	leaf			(4)	gregarious pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is spotted by scattered or gregarious pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph	Phyllosticta haynaldii	a coelomycete	Botryosphaeriales: Phyllostictaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Phyllostictaceae/Phyllosticta haynaldii/	Phyllosticta haynaldii	a coelomycete	scattered or gregarious	pycnidium	Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	live	leaf			(1-5)	scattered or gregarious pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous	Phyllactinia guttata	Hazel Mildew, Hazelnut Powdery Mildew	Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990 Teaching Techniques for Mycology: 13. Functioning of cleistothecia in Phyllactinia guttata, Weber, R.W.S. & Webster, J., 2001	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Phyllactinia guttata/	Phyllactinia guttata	hazel mildew, hazelnut powdery mildew	hypophyllous			Foodplant / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	live	leaf				hypophyllous parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is spotted by numerous, subepidermal pycnidium of Dendrophoma coelomycetous anamorph	Dendrophoma phyllogena	a coelomycete	Xylariales	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Dendrophoma phyllogena/	Dendrophoma phyllogena	a coelomycete	numerous, subepidermal	pycnidium	Dendrophoma coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	live	leaf			(5)	numerous, subepidermal pycnidium of Dendrophoma coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf may have epiphytic epiphyllous thallus	Phycopeltis arundinacea	an epiphytic green alga		The Freshwater Algal Flora of the British Isles, John, D.M., Whitton, B.A. & Brook, A.J., 2002	/Fungi/Phycopeltis arundinacea/	Phycopeltis arundinacea	an epiphytic green alga	epiphyllous		thallus	Plant / epiphyte		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	live	leaf				epiphyllous thallus grows on live leaf
leaf (mined)	mined leaf may house puparium	Phytomyza ilicis	Holly Leaf-miner, Holly Leaf Gall Fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Phytomyza ilicis/	Phytomyza ilicis	holly leaf-miner, holly leaf gall fly			puparium	Plant / resting place / within		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	mined	leaf		Sole		puparium may be found in mined leaf
leaf (skeletal)	skeletal leaf is decayed by amphigenous thyriothecium	Microthyrium ciliatum var ciliatum	a fly speck fungus	Microthyriales: Microthyriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Microthyriales/Microthyriaceae/Microthyrium ciliatum var. ciliatum/	Microthyrium ciliatum var. ciliatum	a fly speck fungus	amphigenous		thyriothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	skeletal	leaf			(10-5)	amphigenous thyriothecium is saprobic on skeletal leaf
litter	litter is decayed by effuse colony of Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph	Camposporium cambrense	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Camposporium cambrense/	Camposporium cambrense	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly		litter		Minor	(1-12)	effuse colony of Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on litter
litter	litter is decayed by effuse colony of Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph	Camposporium pellucidum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Camposporium pellucidum/	Camposporium pellucidum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly		litter				effuse colony of Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on litter
litter (dead)	dead litter is decayed by effuse or discrete colony of Anungitea dematiaceous anamorph	Anungitea fragilis	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Venturiales: Venturiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Venturiales/Venturiaceae/Anungitea fragilis/	Anungitea fragilis	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse or discrete	colony	Anungitea dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	litter			(5-9)	effuse or discrete colony of Anungitea dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead litter
log (damp, rotten, esp. leaf-covered)	damp, rotten, esp. leaf-covered log is associate of effuse colony of Heteroconium anamorph	Heteroconium tetracoilum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Heteroconium tetracoilum/	Heteroconium tetracoilum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Heteroconium anamorph	Plant / associate			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	damp, rotten, esp. leaf-covered	log				effuse colony of Heteroconium anamorph is associated with damp, rotten, esp. leaf-covered log
root (dead)	dead root is decayed by fruitbody	Grifola frondosa	Hen Of The Woods	Polyporales: Meripilaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Meripilaceae/Grifola frondosa/	Grifola frondosa	hen of the woods			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	root				fruitbody is saprobic on dead root
root (live)	live root is parasitised by fruitbody	Grifola frondosa	Hen Of The Woods	Polyporales: Meripilaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Meripilaceae/Grifola frondosa/	Grifola frondosa	hen of the woods			fruitbody	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	live	root				fruitbody parasitises live root
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by immersed, pustular, erumpent, multilocular stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph	Cytospora ilicina	a stromatic coelomycete	Diaporthales: Valsaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Cytospora ilicina/	Cytospora ilicina	a stromatic coelomycete	immersed, pustular, erumpent, multilocular	stroma	Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	stem				immersed, pustular, erumpent, multilocular stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by subgregarious to densely scattered, covered then erumpent, blackish grey with paler roundish flat disc stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph	Cytospora populina	a valsoid pyrenomycete	Diaporthales: Valsaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Cytospora populina/	Cytospora populina	a valsoid pyrenomycete	subgregarious to densely scattered, covered then erumpent, blackish grey with paler roundish flat disc	stroma	Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	stem			(10-5)	subgregarious to densely scattered, covered then erumpent, blackish grey with paler roundish flat disc stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead stem
stump (large) (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed stump (large) is decayed by fruitbody	Pluteus petasatus	Scaly Shield	Agaricales: Pluteaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Pluteaceae/Pluteus petasatus/	Pluteus petasatus	scaly shield			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, decayed	stump (large)		Rare		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed stump (large)
stump (large) (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed stump (large) is decayed by clumped fruitbody	Psathyrella cotonea	Yellowfoot Brittlestem	Agaricales: Psathyrellaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Psathyrellaceae/Psathyrella cotonea/	Psathyrella cotonea	yellowfoot brittlestem	clumped		fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, decayed	stump (large)				clumped fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed stump (large)
stump (large) (dead)	dead stump (large) is decayed by fruitbody	Meripilus giganteus	Giant Polypore	Polyporales: Meripilaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Meripilaceae/Meripilus giganteus/	Meripilus giganteus	giant polypore			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	stump (large)				fruitbody is saprobic on dead stump (large)
trunk (base)	trunk (base) may be infected and damaged by fruitbody	Meripilus giganteus	Giant Polypore	Polyporales: Meripilaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Meripilaceae/Meripilus giganteus/	Meripilus giganteus	giant polypore			fruitbody	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly		trunk (base)				fruitbody infects and damages trunk (base)
trunk (large) (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed trunk (large) is decayed by fruitbody	Pluteus petasatus	Scaly Shield	Agaricales: Pluteaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Pluteaceae/Pluteus petasatus/	Pluteus petasatus	scaly shield			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, decayed	trunk (large)		Rare		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed trunk (large)
trunk (large) (dead, fallen, very decayed)	dead, fallen, very decayed trunk (large) is decayed by fruitbody	Pluteus phlebophorus	Wrinkled Shield	Agaricales: Pluteaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Pluteaceae/Pluteus phlebophorus/	Pluteus phlebophorus	wrinkled shield			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, fallen, very decayed	trunk (large)		Minor		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, very decayed trunk (large)
trunk (large) (dead)	dead trunk (large) is decayed by fruitbody	Meripilus giganteus	Giant Polypore	Polyporales: Meripilaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Meripilaceae/Meripilus giganteus/	Meripilus giganteus	giant polypore			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	trunk (large)				fruitbody is saprobic on dead trunk (large)
trunk (dead)	dead trunk is decayed by scattered or on a stroma in groups of 5 to 30 perithecium	Neonectria coccinea	Beech Bark Disease - causative organism	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Neonectria coccinea/	Neonectria coccinea	beech bark disease (causative organism)	scattered or on a stroma in groups of 5 to 30		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	trunk			(9-5)	scattered or on a stroma in groups of 5 to 30 perithecium is saprobic on dead trunk
trunk (dead)	dead trunk is decayed by Cylindrocarpon anamorph	Neonectria coccinea	Beech Bark Disease - causative organism	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Neonectria coccinea/	Neonectria coccinea	beech bark disease (causative organism)			Cylindrocarpon anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	trunk			(9-5)	Cylindrocarpon anamorph is saprobic on dead trunk
trunk (dead)	dead trunk is decayed by erumpent stroma	Neonectria coccinea	Beech Bark Disease - causative organism	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Neonectria coccinea/	Neonectria coccinea	beech bark disease (causative organism)	erumpent		stroma	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	trunk			(9-5)	erumpent stroma is saprobic on dead trunk
trunk (dying)	dying trunk is decayed by erumpent stroma	Nectria punicea var ilicis	a pyrenomycete	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Nectria punicea var. ilicis/	Nectria punicea var. ilicis	a pyrenomycete	erumpent		stroma	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dying	trunk			(10-5)	erumpent stroma is saprobic on dying trunk
trunk (dying)	dying trunk is decayed by crowded, stromatic perithecium	Nectria punicea var ilicis	a pyrenomycete	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Nectria punicea var. ilicis/	Nectria punicea var. ilicis	a pyrenomycete	crowded, stromatic		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dying	trunk			(10-5)	crowded, stromatic perithecium is saprobic on dying trunk
twig	twig is decayed by immersed, but raising epidermis pycnidium of Diplodia coelomycetous anamorph	Diplodia ilicicola	a coelomycete	Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeriaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Botryosphaeriaceae/Diplodia ilicicola/	Diplodia ilicicola	a coelomycete	immersed, but raising epidermis	pycnidium	Diplodia coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly		twig			(10-4)	immersed, but raising epidermis pycnidium of Diplodia coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on twig
twig (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen twig is decayed by effuse colony of Anungitea dematiaceous anamorph	Anungitea heterospora	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Venturiales: Venturiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Venturiales/Venturiaceae/Anungitea heterospora/	Anungitea heterospora	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Anungitea dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, fallen	twig				effuse colony of Anungitea dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead, fallen twig
twig (dead, often grey or purple stained)	dead, often grey or purple stained twig is decayed by effuse colony of Triposporium dematiaceous anamorph	Triposporium elegans	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Asterinales: Asterinaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Asterinales/Asterinaceae/Triposporium elegans/	Triposporium elegans	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Triposporium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, often grey or purple stained	twig			(1-12)	effuse colony of Triposporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead, often grey or purple stained twig
twig (dead, patchily dark brown)	dead, patchily dark brown twig is decayed by more or less scattered, or in 2’s & 3’s, long covered pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph	Diaporthe crustosa	a valsoid pyrenomyete	Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Diaporthe crustosa/	Diaporthe crustosa	a valsoid pyrenomyete	more or less scattered, or in 2’s & 3’s, long covered	pycnidium	Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, patchily dark brown	twig			(12-2)	more or less scattered, or in 2’s & 3’s, long covered pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead, patchily dark brown twig
twig (dead)	dead twig may contain larva	Pogonocherus hispidus	Lesser Thorn-tipped Longhorn Beetle	Coleoptera: Cerambycidae	Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 2, Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2007	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Pogonocherus hispidus/	Pogonocherus hispidus	lesser thorn-tipped longhorn beetle			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	twig		Major		larva feeds within dead twig
twig (dead)	dead twig is decayed by hysterothecium	Gloniopsis praelonga	an ascomycete	Hysteriales: Hysteriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Hysteriales/Hysteriaceae/Gloniopsis praelonga/	Gloniopsis praelonga	an ascomycete			hysterothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	twig			(1-12)	hysterothecium is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead)	dead twig is decayed by immersed, solitary pycnidium of Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph	Coniothyrium slaptoniense	a coelomycete	Pleosporales: Coniothyriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Coniothyriaceae/Coniothyrium slaptoniense/	Coniothyrium slaptoniense	a coelomycete	immersed, solitary	pycnidium	Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	twig			(8)	immersed, solitary pycnidium of Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead)	dead twig is decayed by irregular shaped, immersed, contents reddish-brown stroma	Didymosphaeria massarioides	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Didymosphaeriaceae	Two new genera of Ascomycota, and other new or interesting fungi from Slapton Ley National Nature Reserve and its environs, Cannon, P.F., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Didymosphaeriaceae/Didymosphaeria massarioides/	Didymosphaeria massarioides	an ascomycete	irregular shaped, immersed, contents reddish-brown		stroma	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	twig				irregular shaped, immersed, contents reddish-brown stroma is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead)	dead twig is decayed by stromatic, necks emerging through peridial cracks ascoma	Didymosphaeria massarioides	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Didymosphaeriaceae	Two new genera of Ascomycota, and other new or interesting fungi from Slapton Ley National Nature Reserve and its environs, Cannon, P.F., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Didymosphaeriaceae/Didymosphaeria massarioides/	Didymosphaeria massarioides	an ascomycete	stromatic, necks emerging through peridial cracks		ascoma	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	twig				stromatic, necks emerging through peridial cracks ascoma is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead)	dead twig is spotted by effuse colony of Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph	Sporidesmium ilicinum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Sporidesmium ilicinum/	Sporidesmium ilicinum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	twig				effuse colony of Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph causes spots on dead twig
twig (dead)	dead twig is decayed by scattered, erumpent sporodochium of Coniosporium dematiaceous anamorph	Coniosporium ilicinum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Chaetothyriales	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Chaetothyriales/Coniosporium ilicinum/	Coniosporium ilicinum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	scattered, erumpent	sporodochium	Coniosporium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	twig				scattered, erumpent sporodochium of Coniosporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead)	dead twig is decayed by erumpent stroma	Diaporthe ilicis	a pyrenomycete	Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Diaporthe ilicis/	Diaporthe ilicis	a pyrenomycete	erumpent		stroma	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	twig				erumpent stroma is saprobic on dead twig
twig (decorticate)	decorticate twig is decayed by hysterothecium	Glonium lineare	an ascomycete	Mytilinidiales: Gloniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Mytilinidiales/Gloniaceae/Glonium lineare/	Glonium lineare	an ascomycete			hysterothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	decorticate	twig				hysterothecium is saprobic on decorticate twig
twig (fallen, dead)	fallen, dead twig is decayed by effuse colony of Helminthosporium dematiaceous anamorph	Helminthosporium velutinum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Pleosporales: Massarinaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Massarinaceae/Helminthosporium velutinum/	Helminthosporium velutinum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Helminthosporium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	fallen, dead	twig				effuse colony of Helminthosporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen, dead twig
twig (long, drooping, attached)	long, drooping, attached twig is decayed by immersed, surrounded by pale halo perithecium	Vialaea insculpta	a pyrenomycete	Diaporthales: Vialaeaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Vialaeaceae/Vialaea insculpta/	Vialaea insculpta	a pyrenomycete	immersed, surrounded by pale halo		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	long, drooping, attached	twig			(9-4)	immersed, surrounded by pale halo perithecium is saprobic on long, drooping, attached twig
wood	wood is decayed by immersed, often loosely grouped perithecium	Diaporthe eres	a pyrenomycete	Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Diaporthe eres/	Diaporthe eres	a pyrenomycete	immersed, often loosely grouped		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly		wood				immersed, often loosely grouped perithecium is saprobic on wood
wood	wood is decayed by perithecium	Cosmospora viridescens	a pyrenomycete	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Cosmospora viridescens/	Cosmospora viridescens	a pyrenomycete			perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly		wood			(9-5)	perithecium is saprobic on wood
wood	wood is decayed by fruitbody	Auricularia auricula-judae	Jelly Ear, The Jew’S Ear, Judas’S Ear Fungus	Auriculariales: Auriculariaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Unusual hosts for some common British fungi, Reid, D.A., 1978	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Auricularia auricula-judae/	Auricularia auricula-judae	jelly ear, The Jew’s ear, Judas’s ear fungus			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly		wood				fruitbody is saprobic on wood
wood (Armillaria mellea-decayed)	Armillaria mellea-decayed wood is decayed by superficial perithecium	Lasiosphaeria ovina	Woolly Woodwart	Sordariales: Lasiosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Sordariales/Lasiosphaeriaceae/Lasiosphaeria ovina/	Lasiosphaeria ovina	woolly woodwart	superficial		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	Armillaria mellea-decayed	wood			(9-4)	superficial perithecium is saprobic on Armillaria mellea-decayed wood
wood (dead or rotten)	dead or rotten wood is foodplant of	Phloeophagus gracilis	a weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Phloeophagus gracilis/	Phloeophagus gracilis	a weevil				Foodplant / feeds on			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead or rotten	wood				feeds on dead or rotten wood
wood (dead, attached)	dead, attached wood is decayed by fruitbody	Exidia plana	Warlock’s Butter	Auriculariales: Auriculariaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia plana/	Exidia plana	warlock's butter			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, attached	wood		Minor		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, attached wood
wood (dead, decayed, buried)	dead, decayed, buried wood is decayed by clumped fruitbody	Psathyrella cotonea	Yellowfoot Brittlestem	Agaricales: Psathyrellaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Psathyrellaceae/Psathyrella cotonea/	Psathyrella cotonea	yellowfoot brittlestem	clumped		fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, decayed, buried	wood				clumped fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed, buried wood
wood (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody	Pluteus phlebophorus	Wrinkled Shield	Agaricales: Pluteaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Pluteaceae/Pluteus phlebophorus/	Pluteus phlebophorus	wrinkled shield			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, decayed	wood		Minor		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed wood is decayed by clumped fruitbody	Psathyrella cotonea	Yellowfoot Brittlestem	Agaricales: Psathyrellaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Psathyrellaceae/Psathyrella cotonea/	Psathyrella cotonea	yellowfoot brittlestem	clumped		fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, decayed	wood				clumped fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody	Resupinatus applicatus	Smoked Oysterling	Agaricales: Tricholomataceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Tricholomataceae/Resupinatus applicatus/	Resupinatus applicatus	smoked oysterling			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, decayed	wood		Minor		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody	Postia stiptica	Bitter Bracket	Polyporales: Fomitopsidaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Fomitopsidaceae/Postia stiptica/	Postia stiptica	bitter bracket			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, decayed	wood		Rare		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decorticate)	dead, decorticate wood is decayed by sessile apothecium	Mollisia cinerella	a discomycete	Helotiales: Dermateaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Mollisia cinerella/	Mollisia cinerella	a discomycete	sessile		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, decorticate	wood			(1-8)	sessile apothecium is saprobic on dead, decorticate wood
wood (dead, fallen, usually decorticate)	dead, fallen, usually decorticate wood is decayed by fruitbody	Exidia nucleata	Crystal Brain	Auriculariales: Auriculariaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia nucleata/	Exidia nucleata	crystal brain			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, fallen, usually decorticate	wood		Minor		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, usually decorticate wood
wood (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen wood is decayed by fruitbody	Schizophyllum commune	Splitgill, Common Porecrust	Agaricales: Schizophyllaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Schizophyllaceae/Schizophyllum commune/	Schizophyllum commune	splitgill, common porecrust			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, fallen	wood		Minor		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen wood
wood (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen wood is decayed by fruitbody	Exidia plana	Warlock’s Butter	Auriculariales: Auriculariaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia plana/	Exidia plana	warlock's butter			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, fallen	wood		Minor		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen wood
wood (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen wood is decayed by fruitbody	Exidia thuretiana	White Brain	Auriculariales: Auriculariaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia thuretiana/	Exidia thuretiana	white brain			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, fallen	wood		Minor		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen wood
wood (dead, white-rotten)	dead, white-rotten wood is decayed by bracket	Daedaleopsis confragosa	Blushing Bracket	Polyporales: Polyporaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Attempts at active protection of Inonotus obliquus by inoculating birches with its mycelium, Pietka, J. & Grzywacz, A., 2006	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Polyporaceae/Daedaleopsis confragosa/	Daedaleopsis confragosa	blushing bracket			bracket	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead, white-rotten	wood		Minor		bracket is saprobic on dead, white-rotten wood
wood (dead)	dead wood is foodplant of	Rhopalomesites tardyi	Holly Weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Rhopalomesites tardyi/	Rhopalomesites tardyi	holly weevil				Foodplant / feeds on		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	wood				feeds on dead wood
wood (dead)	dead wood is decayed by punctiform or effuse colony of Bispora dematiaceous anamorph	Bispora betulina	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Bispora betulina/	Bispora betulina	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	punctiform or effuse	colony	Bispora dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	wood				punctiform or effuse colony of Bispora dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead)	dead wood is decayed by colony of Campsosporium anamorph	Camposporium cambrense	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Camposporium cambrense/	Camposporium cambrense	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		colony	Campsosporium anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	wood				colony of Campsosporium anamorph is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead)	dead wood is decayed by Camarosporium coelomycetous anamorph	Camarosporium ilicis	a coelomycete	Botryosphaeriales	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Camarosporium ilicis/	Camarosporium ilicis	a coelomycete			Camarosporium coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	wood				Camarosporium coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead)	dead wood is decayed by effuse colony of Corynespora dematiaceous anamorph	Corynespora smithii	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Pleosporales: Corynesporascaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Corynesporascaceae/Corynespora smithii/	Corynespora smithii	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Corynespora dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	wood			(9-6)	effuse colony of Corynespora dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead)	dead wood is decayed by Periconia dematiaceous anamorph	Periconia cambrensis	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Pleosporales	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Periconia cambrensis/	Periconia cambrensis	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus			Periconia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	wood			(8-4)	Periconia dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead)	dead wood is decayed by colony of Menispora dematiaceous anamorph	Menispora ciliata	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Menispora ciliata/	Menispora ciliata	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		colony	Menispora dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	wood				colony of Menispora dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead)	dead wood is decayed by immersed perithecium	Diaporthe pardalota	a pyrenomycete	Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Diaporthe pardalota/	Diaporthe pardalota	a pyrenomycete	immersed		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	wood			(1-8)	immersed perithecium is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead)	dead wood is decayed by effuse colony of Ceratosporium dematiaceous anamorph	Ceratosporium fuscescens	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Sordariales: Helminthosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Sordariales/Helminthosphaeriaceae/Ceratosporium fuscescens/	Ceratosporium fuscescens	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Ceratosporium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	wood			(2-6)	effuse colony of Ceratosporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead)	dead wood is decayed by effuse colony of Endophragmiella dematiaceous anamorph	Endophragmiella ellisii	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Sordariales: Helminthosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Sordariales/Helminthosphaeriaceae/Endophragmiella ellisii/	Endophragmiella ellisii	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Endophragmiella dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	wood			(9-5)	effuse colony of Endophragmiella dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead)	dead wood is decayed by fruitbody	Flammulina velutipes var velutipes	Velvet Shank, Winter Fungus	Agaricales: Physalacriaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Physalacriaceae/Flammulina velutipes var. velutipes/	Flammulina velutipes var. velutipes	velvet shank, winter fungus			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	wood			(mainly winter)	fruitbody is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead)	dead wood is decayed by fruitbody	Pleurotus pulmonarius	Pale Oyster	Agaricales: Pleurotaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Pleurotaceae/Pleurotus pulmonarius/	Pleurotus pulmonarius	pale oyster			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	wood		Minor		fruitbody is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead)	dead wood is decayed by fruitbody	Fuscoporia ferruginosa	Rusty Porecrust	Hymenochaetales: Hymenochaetaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Hymenochaetales/Hymenochaetaceae/Fuscoporia ferruginosa/	Fuscoporia ferruginosa	rusty porecrust			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	wood		Minor		fruitbody is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead)	dead wood is decayed by fruitbody	Trametes pubescens	a bracket fungus	Polyporales: Polyporaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Polyporaceae/Trametes pubescens/	Trametes pubescens	a bracket fungus			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	wood		Minor		fruitbody is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead)	dead wood is decayed by stalked, clustered basidiocarp	Phleogena faginea	Fenugreek Stalkball	Atractiellales: Phleogenaceae	Profiles of Fungi No. 62: Phleogena faginea (Fr.:Fr.) Link, Cook, P., 1994	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Atractiellales/Phleogenaceae/Phleogena faginea/	Phleogena faginea	fenugreek stalkball	stalked, clustered		basidiocarp	Foodplant / saprobe		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	dead	wood				stalked, clustered basidiocarp is saprobic on dead wood
wood (fallen, dead)	fallen, dead wood is decayed by sporodochium of Cryptocoryneum dematiaceous anamorph	Cryptocoryneum condensatum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Cryptocoryneum condensatum/	Cryptocoryneum condensatum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		sporodochium	Cryptocoryneum dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	fallen, dead	wood				sporodochium of Cryptocoryneum dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen, dead wood
wood (fungus-infected)	fungus-infected wood is associate of stroma	Capronia nigerrima	an ascomycete	Chaetothyriales: Herpotrichiellaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Chaetothyriales/Herpotrichiellaceae/Capronia nigerrima/	Capronia nigerrima	an ascomycete			stroma	Plant / associate			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	fungus-infected	wood			(9-4)	stroma is associated with fungus-infected wood
wood (moribund)	moribund wood is parasitised by fruitbody	Flammulina velutipes var velutipes	Velvet Shank, Winter Fungus	Agaricales: Physalacriaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Physalacriaceae/Flammulina velutipes var. velutipes/	Flammulina velutipes var. velutipes	velvet shank, winter fungus			fruitbody	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	moribund	wood				fruitbody parasitises moribund wood
wood (rotten)	rotten wood is decayed by effuse colony of Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph	Camposporium cambrense	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Camposporium cambrense/	Camposporium cambrense	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	rotten	wood		Minor	(1-12)	effuse colony of Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on rotten wood
wood (rotten)	rotten wood is decayed by immersed perithecium	Lentomitella cirrhosa	a pyrenomycete	Boliniales: Boliniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Boliniales/Boliniaceae/Lentomitella cirrhosa/	Lentomitella cirrhosa	a pyrenomycete	immersed		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	rotten	wood			(good condition: 4-5)	immersed perithecium is saprobic on rotten wood
wood (rotten)	rotten wood is decayed by effuse colony of Alysidium anamorph	Botryobasidium aureum	a resupinate fungus	Cantharellales: Botryobasidiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Cantharellales/Botryobasidiaceae/Botryobasidium aureum/	Botryobasidium aureum	a resupinate fungus	effuse	colony	Alysidium anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/	Ilex aquifolium	holly	rotten	wood				effuse colony of Alysidium anamorph is saprobic on rotten wood

Species	Ilex aquifolium (Holly)
Genus	Ilex (hollies)
Family	AQUIFOLIACEAE (hollies)
Order	AQUIFOLIALES (hollies)
Subclass	EU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Ilex aquifolium L.
(Holly)

Interactions where Ilex aquifolium is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Ilex aquifolium is also a member of:

General Literature

Ecology
(Flex Aquifolium L., Aquifoliaceae)
And Roseroot (Rhodiola Rosea L., Crassulaceae)

Pathology

BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)

Author & Year	Title	Source
RHS	Holly leaf blight	www.rhs.org.uk/advicesearch/profile.aspx?PID=175
Anon., 2009	Cottony camellia scale, an increasingly important horticultural pest	Plant Clinic News June 09: 1.
Booth, C. & Murray, J.S., 1960	Calonectria hederae Arnaud and its Cylindrocladium conidial state	TBMS Vol 43 (1): 69-72.
Briggs, J., 1995	Mistletoe - distribution, biology and the National Survey	British Wildlife Vol 7 No 2: 75-82.
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants	Collins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Cannon, P.F., 1997	Two new genera of Ascomycota, and other new or interesting fungi from Slapton Ley National Nature Reserve and its environs	Systema Ascomycetorum Vol 15 (1-2): 121-138.
Cook, P., 1994	Profiles of Fungi No. 62: Phleogena faginea (Fr.:Fr.) Link	Mycologist Vol 08 (3): 62.
Cox, M.L., 2007	Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland	336pp, Pisces Publications
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	Fungi of the South East England	383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2007	Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 2	British Wildlife Vol 19, No 1: 35-43.
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Grove, W.B., 1935	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia	Vol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Hall, G., 1991	Phytophthora ilicis	I.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 1064.
Ing, B., 1990	An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews	Mycologist Vol 4 (1) et seq.
John, D.M., Whitton, B.A. & Brook, A.J., 2002	The Freshwater Algal Flora of the British Isles	702pp, Cambridge University Press
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Moore, W.C., 1959	British Parasitic Fungi	430pp, Cambridge University Press
Morris, I. & Roberts, P., 1997	British Vuilleminia species	Mycologist Vol 11 (1): 4-6.
Morris, M.G., 2002	True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 5, Part 17b, 149pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Pietka, J. & Grzywacz, A., 2006	Attempts at active protection of Inonotus obliquus by inoculating birches with its mycelium	Acta Mycologica Vol 41 (2): 305-312.
Reid, D.A., 1978	Unusual hosts for some common British fungi	Bull. Br. mycol. Soc. Vol 12 (2): 87-89.
Salisbury, A. & Malumphy, C., 2017	Changes in status and distribution of Hydrangea Scale, Pulvinaria hydrangeae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) in Britain	BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST. Vol 30: 145-153.
Sanderson, N.A., 2016	Calicium diploellum New to England!	wessexlichengroup.org/news/Calicium_diploellum/
Spencer, K.A., 1972	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 5(g), 136pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Weber, R.W.S. & Webster, J., 2001	Teaching Techniques for Mycology: 13. Functioning of cleistothecia in Phyllactinia guttata	Mycologist Vol 15 (1): 26-30.
Wu, H.X., Schoch, C.L., Boonmee, S., Bahkali, A.H., Chomnunti, P. & Hyde, K.D., 2011	A reappraisal of Microthyriaceae	FungalDiversity Vol 51: 189-248.

Interactions where Ilex aquifolium is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Ilex aquifolium is also a member of:

General Literature

Ecology(Flex Aquifolium L., Aquifoliaceae)And Roseroot (Rhodiola Rosea L., Crassulaceae)

Pathology

BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)

Ecology
(Flex Aquifolium L., Aquifoliaceae)
And Roseroot (Rhodiola Rosea L., Crassulaceae)